Paphiopedilum sukhakulii
Fixed/Revised references, inc. IUCN
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Paphiopedilum sukhakuliid.jpg |
| image = Paphiopedilum sukhakuliid.jpg |
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| status = |
| status = CR |
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| status_system = |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| genus = Paphiopedilum |
| genus = Paphiopedilum |
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| species = sukhakulii |
| species = sukhakulii |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii |
''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'', a perennial rosulate herb, is small in size, narrowly shaped, pale, and dark green.{{Cite web|url=https://travaldo.blogspot.com/2017/12/grow-and-care-paphiopedilum-sukhakulii-orchid.html|title=Grow and care Paphiopedilum sukhakulii orchid - Sukhakul's Paphiopedilum|access-date=2018-10-08}} The outer side of its leaf is light and dark green, and the inner side is gray-green with red dots. The leaves usually reach up to {{cvt|30|cm}} height and {{cvt|5|cm}} in width.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aos.org/AOS/media/Content-Images/PDFs/Paph_beginner_1.pdf|title=BEGINNER'S SERIES Paphiopedilums — Part 1|author=Stephen R. Batchelor}} ''P. sukhakulii'' flowers are up to {{cvt|14|cm}} in diameter, purple-brown and white-haired, with a single flowered inflorescence and a green ovate floral bract that is {{frac|1|3}} the length of the ovary. The broad oval upper sepal is white with a pink base that usually is {{cvt|10–13|cm}} long and {{cvt|2–6|cm}} short. It has longitudinal green lines that stretch across the leaf without touching the edges, leaving a narrow white border. The lower sepals look like the upper ones, but much smaller, white and purple, with purple and green lines. The oval-lanceolate petals are arranged horizontally and slightly bent forward. The edges of the petals are slightly wavy and are covered with hairs that are dense and long. These petals are shiny and bright green with darker longitudinal veins and brown-red dots. |
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==Range description== |
==Range description== |
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True endemic species are often rare, tending to be confined to specific areas.{{Cite web|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/NS-018.pdf|title=Some Endangered Plants and Threatened Habitats in South East Asia|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} |
True endemic species are often rare, tending to be confined to specific areas.{{Cite web|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/NS-018.pdf|title=Some Endangered Plants and Threatened Habitats in South East Asia|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} ''P. sukhakulii'' is one of these rare species with a very restricted distribution at one small location. ''P. Sukhakulii'' is a species of [[orchid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to northeastern [[Thailand]]. It grows at heights of {{convert|240–1000|m|-1}} on Mount Phy Luang Mountains in the province of Loei. This orchid grows in leafy sand-clay linens, usually along mountain streams under the shade of large forest trees. Flowering occurs during the warm months of the year. |
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''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' |
''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' is a species of the hill evergreen forest and is very sensitive to the environment.{{Cite web|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/NS-010.pdf#page=346.|title=Some Rare and Vanishing Plants of Thailand|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} It must be grown near rocky high altitude, particular nutrient availability, and shaded habitats. |
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== Population == |
== Population == |
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The population is slowly decreasing and is currently under the category of critically endangered. |
The population is slowly decreasing and is currently under the category of critically endangered. ''P. sukhakulii'' has been significantly reduced during recent decades due to many threats. |
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There is a continuing decline in the number of ''P. sukhakulii'' and the quality of the habitats in the single location. The estimated number of ''P. sukhakulii'' is less than 50 and they all occur in a single subpopulation. The population has declined by 95% over the last decade. This decline is continuing rapidly and the population is projected to decline by 95-99% in the next three generations. |
There is a continuing decline in the number of ''P. sukhakulii'' and the quality of the habitats in the single location. The estimated number of ''P. sukhakulii'' is less than 50 and they all occur in a single subpopulation. The population has declined by 95% over the last decade. This decline is continuing rapidly and the population is projected to decline by 95-99% in the next three generations. |
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== Use and trade == |
== Use and trade == |
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''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' is among the most heavily traded ornamental plants in Thailand.{{Cite journal|last=Nontachaiyapoom|first=Sureeporn|last2=Sasirat|first2=Sawitree|last3=Manoch|first3=Leka|date=2010-01-28|title=Isolation and identification of Rhizoctonia-like fungi from roots of three orchid genera, ''Paphiopedilum'', ''Dendrobium'', and ''Cymbidium'', collected in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai provinces of Thailand|journal=Mycorrhiza|language=en|volume=20|issue=7|pages=459–471|doi=10.1007/s00572-010-0297-3|pmid=20107843|issn=0940-6360}} ''P. sukhakulii'' is collected for commercial use for horticulture, domestic and international trade. |
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== Major threats == |
== Major threats == |
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== Conservation actions == |
== Conservation actions == |
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According to the IUCN Red list, there are many actions that can be done in order to protect |
According to the IUCN Red list, there are many actions that can be done in order to protect ''P. sukhakulii.'' One action that can be done would be protecting the habitat, from collection, trampling, and deforestation. Other actions would be to raise public awareness, initiate long term community based conservation, estimate the population size, and protect the living individuals of the species through legislation and legal protection, which would then ban the species from being chosen or dug up. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Commons}} |
{{Commons}} |
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{{Wikispecies|Paphiopedilum sukhakulii}} |
{{Wikispecies|Paphiopedilum sukhakulii}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1313883}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1313883}} |
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