Double-stack rail transport

===North America===

===North America===

Intermodal containers shipped by rail within North America are primarily {{convert|53|ft|m|2}} long, with [[trailer-on-flat-car]] (TOFC) units used as well. The 53-foot length reflects a common maximum length for highway [[semi-trailers]], which varies by state.{{cite web| url=https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/nat_freight_stats/docs/04factsfigures/table3_6.htm| title=Table 3-6: Semitrailer Length Limitations on National Truck Network by State| website=U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration}} Major domestic intermodal carriers include:

Intermodal containers shipped by rail within North America are primarily {{convert|53|ft|m|2}} long, with [[trailer-on-flatcar]] (TOFC) units used as well. The 53-foot length reflects a common maximum length for highway [[semi-trailers]], which varies by state.{{cite web| url=https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/nat_freight_stats/docs/04factsfigures/table3_6.htm| title=Table 3-6: Semitrailer Length Limitations on National Truck Network by State| website=U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration}} Major domestic intermodal carriers include:

*[[J. B. Hunt]]

*[[J. B. Hunt]]

*[[Swift & Company|Swift]]

*[[Swift & Company|Swift]]

Containers shipped between North America and other continents consist of mostly {{convert|40|ft|m|2|adj=on}} and some {{convert|45|ft|m|2|adj=on}} and {{convert|20|ft|m|2|adj=on}} containers. Container ships only take 40's, 20's and also 45's above deck. 90% of the containers that these ships carry are 40-footers and 90% of the world's freight moves on container ships; so 81% of the world's freight moves by 40-foot containers. Most of these 40-foot containers are owned by non-U.S. companies like [[Maersk]], [[Mediterranean Shipping Company|MSC]], and [[CMA CGM]]. The only U.S. 40-foot container companies are leasing companies like [[Textainer]], [[Triton International]],[https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TRTN-PA/profile?ltr=1 Triton] and [[CAI Leasing]].[https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CAI/profile?ltr=1 CAI]

Containers shipped between North America and other continents consist of mostly {{convert|40|ft|m|2|adj=on}} and some {{convert|45|ft|m|2|adj=on}} and {{convert|20|ft|m|2|adj=on}} containers. Container ships only take 40's, 20's and also 45's above deck. 90% of the containers that these ships carry are 40-footers and 90% of the world's freight moves on container ships; so 81% of the world's freight moves by 40-foot containers. Most of these 40-foot containers are owned by non-U.S. companies like [[Maersk]], [[Mediterranean Shipping Company|MSC]], and [[CMA CGM]]. The only U.S. 40-foot container companies are leasing companies like [[Textainer]], [[Triton International]],[https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TRTN-PA/profile?ltr=1 Triton] and [[CAI Leasing]].[https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CAI/profile?ltr=1 CAI]

Low bridges and narrow tunnels in various locations prevent the operation of double-stack trains until costly upgrades are made. Some [[Class I railroad]] companies in the U.S., often in partnership with government agencies, have implemented improvement programs to remove obstructions to double-stack trains. Double-stack projects include:

Low bridges and narrow tunnels in various locations prevent the operation of double-stack trains until expensive upgrades are made. Some [[Class I railroad]] companies in the U.S., often in partnership with government agencies, have implemented improvement programs to remove obstructions to double-stack trains. Double-stack projects include:

*[[Heartland Corridor]] ([[Norfolk Southern Railway]]) — $320 million{{cite news | title=Norfolk Southern opens Heartland Corridor | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/norfolk-southern-opens-heartland-corridor.html | website=Railway Gazette International| date=September 9, 2010 }}

*[[Heartland Corridor]] ([[Norfolk Southern Railway]]) — $320 million{{cite news | title=Norfolk Southern opens Heartland Corridor | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/norfolk-southern-opens-heartland-corridor.html | website=Railway Gazette International| date=September 9, 2010 }}