Muhajir (Pakistan)

Apr 20, 2026 - 13:53
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Muhajir (Pakistan)

Restored revision 1347811889 by Neils51 (talk): Last stable

← Previous revision Revision as of 08:21, 20 April 2026
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| image = [[File:Someone saved a page from the Manchester Guardian in a scrapbook 1.jpg|275px]]
| image = [[File:Someone saved a page from the Manchester Guardian in a scrapbook 1.jpg|275px]]
| caption = Photo from ''[[The Guardian|The Manchester Guardian]]'' of a group of Muslim migrants boarding a [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]-bound train in [[Delhi]] amidst the [[partition of India]], {{circa|1947–1953}}
| caption = Photo from ''[[The Guardian|The Manchester Guardian]]'' of a group of Muslim migrants boarding a [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]-bound train in [[Delhi]] amidst the [[partition of India]], {{circa|1947–1953}}
| population = {{circa|'''25 million'''}}
| population = {{circa|'''15 million'''}}
| region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| pop1 = 22,338,697 ([[2023 Census of Pakistan|2023 census]]){{cite web |title=Table 1 : Households, Population, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Pakistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]]}}{{efn|9.25% of Pakistan's population}}
| pop1 = 14,703,744 ([[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017 census]]) name=Totalpop2017>{{Cite web |last=Hasnain |first=Khalid |date=19 May 2021 |title=Pakistan's population is 207.68m, shows 2017 census result |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1624375 |access-date=12 November 2022 |website=DAWN.COM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017131612/https://www.dawn.com/news/1624375|archive-date=17 October 2022}}{{efn|7.08% of Pakistan's population}}
| region2 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| region2 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop2 = 300,000{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh: Urdu-Speaking "Biharis" Seek Recognition, Respect and Rights |url=https://www.iri.org/resources/new-bangladesh-report-reveals-priorities-of-the-bihari-minority/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=International Republican Institute |date=4 February 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926190315/https://www.iri.org/resources/new-bangladesh-report-reveals-priorities-of-the-bihari-minority/ |url-status=dead }}{{efn|0.18% of Bangladesh's population}}
| pop2 = 300,000{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh: Urdu-Speaking "Biharis" Seek Recognition, Respect and Rights |url=https://www.iri.org/resources/new-bangladesh-report-reveals-priorities-of-the-bihari-minority/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=International Republican Institute |date=4 February 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926190315/https://www.iri.org/resources/new-bangladesh-report-reveals-priorities-of-the-bihari-minority/ |url-status=dead }}{{efn|0.18% of Bangladesh's population}}
| langs = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| region3 = {{flagu|United Kingdom}}
| pop3 = 269,000{{Cite web |title=2011 Census - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/2011censusquickstatisticsforenglandandwales/2013-01-30#tab-Main-language |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}
| region4 = {{flagu|United States}}
| pop4 = 188,983{{Cite book |last=Najam |first=Adil |title=Portrait of a giving community : philanthropy by the Pakistani-American diaspora |date=2006 |publisher=Global Equity Initiative, Asia Center, Harvard University |others=Harvard University. Global Equity Initiative |isbn=0-674-02366-8 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |oclc=44648966}}
| region5 = {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| pop5 = 80,000{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
| region6 = {{flagu|Canada}}
| pop6 = 74,405{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=8 February 2017 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1 |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
| region7 = {{flagu|Australia}}
| pop7 = 69,131{{Cite web |title=Find out how many people speak Urdu in your suburb |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/urdu/en/article/find-out-how-many-people-speak-urdu-in-your-suburb/ycpjw1cxa |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=SBS Language |date=23 November 2018 }}
| region8 = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop8 = 53,000{{cite web | url=https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/saudi-arabia-population-statistics/ | title=Saudi Arabia (KSA) Population Statistics [Infographics] | date=20 April 2022 }}
| langs = [[Urdu language|Urdu]] {{small|(native language of the majority)}}

Other languages:
[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Memoni language|Memoni]], [[Rajasthani languages]], and others {{small|(spoken by minorities)}}
| religions = [[Islam]]{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Pakistan Country Overview |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/55e061f24.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Refworld }}
| related_groups =
| related_groups =
}}
}}
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=== Population ===
=== Population ===
Muhajirs, worldwide, have a population of over 25 million.{{cite book|author=Carl Skutsch|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSUKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT2234|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-19395-9|pages=2234–}} Urdu-speaking Muhajirs are mostly settled in Pakistan and currently are the fifth-largest [[Ethnic groups in Pakistan|ethnic group of Pakistan]], with a population of around 7.6% of the national population, according to the census.{{Citation |title=Pakistan |date=2 November 2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115164214/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2023}} Although the population figures of the Muhajir dominated city of Karachi, have faced many controversies mainly due to the controversial 2017 census of Pakistan. The population figure has been rejected by most major political parties of Sindh including [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan|MQM-P]],{{Cite web |date=24 January 2023 |title=Unified MQM-P holds first workers' convention |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1733254 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=Dawn }} [[Pak Sarzameen Party|PSP]],{{Cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Mustafa Kamal challenges census 2017 results in SC |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/mustafa-kamal-challenges-census-2017-results-in-sc/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=Daily Pakistan Global }} and [[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]].{{Cite web |last=Ghori |first=Habib Khan |date=3 November 2017 |title=Sindh Assembly refuses to accept census results |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1367985 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=DAWN.COM }}{{Cite web |date=31 December 2020 |title=Will not accept 2017 census figures, agree MQM-P, PPP after meeting |url=https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2020/will-not-accept-2017-census-figures-agree-mqm-p-ppp-after-meeting |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=The Nation }}
Muhajirs, worldwide, have a population of over 15 million.{{cite book|author=Carl Skutsch|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSUKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT2234|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-19395-9|pages=2234–}} Urdu-speaking Muhajirs are mostly settled in Pakistan and currently are the fifth-largest [[Ethnic groups in Pakistan|ethnic group of Pakistan]], with a population of around 7.6% of the national population, according to the census.{{Citation |title=Pakistan |date=2 November 2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115164214/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2023}} Although the population figures of the Muhajir dominated city of Karachi, have faced many controversies mainly due to the controversial 2017 census of Pakistan. The population figure has been rejected by most major political parties of Sindh including [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan|MQM-P]],{{Cite web |date=24 January 2023 |title=Unified MQM-P holds first workers' convention |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1733254 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=Dawn }} [[Pak Sarzameen Party|PSP]],{{Cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Mustafa Kamal challenges census 2017 results in SC |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/mustafa-kamal-challenges-census-2017-results-in-sc/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=Daily Pakistan Global }} and [[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]].{{Cite web |last=Ghori |first=Habib Khan |date=3 November 2017 |title=Sindh Assembly refuses to accept census results |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1367985 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=DAWN.COM }}{{Cite web |date=31 December 2020 |title=Will not accept 2017 census figures, agree MQM-P, PPP after meeting |url=https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2020/will-not-accept-2017-census-figures-agree-mqm-p-ppp-after-meeting |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=The Nation }}


Estimates of Muhajir nationalist organizations range from 22 million{{Cite journal |last=Shah |first=Syed Mehtab |title=Ethnic tensions in Sindh and their possible solution |date=17 November 1997 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=6 |issue=3 |page=259 |doi=10.1080/09584939708719820|issn = 0958-4935}} to around 30 million.{{Cite web |date=19 June 2015 |title=Sindhis and Mohajirs |url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/sindhis-and-mohajirs/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=Minority Rights Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120173632/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/sindhis-and-mohajirs/|archive-date=20 November 2022}} Conversely, [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] gives a lower number, estimating their modern population to number between 7 and 9 millions, mostly in Karachi.Christophe Jaffrelot, ''The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience'', Oxford University Press (2015), p. 176 The variation in population estimates arises from differing definitions: the term ''Muhajir'' as an ethnic group typically refers to descendants of migrants from present-day India, whereas the broader category of ''Urdu speakers'' may also include millions of individuals, particularly ethnic [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabis]] in major urban centers, who now speak Urdu as their first language.
Estimates of Muhajir nationalist organizations range from 22 million{{Cite journal |last=Shah |first=Syed Mehtab |title=Ethnic tensions in Sindh and their possible solution |date=17 November 1997 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=6 |issue=3 |page=259 |doi=10.1080/09584939708719820|issn = 0958-4935}} to around 30 million.{{Cite web |date=19 June 2015 |title=Sindhis and Mohajirs |url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/sindhis-and-mohajirs/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=Minority Rights Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120173632/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/sindhis-and-mohajirs/|archive-date=20 November 2022}} Conversely, [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] gives a lower number, estimating their modern population to number between 7 and 9 millions, mostly in Karachi.Christophe Jaffrelot, ''The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience'', Oxford University Press (2015), p. 176 The variation in population estimates arises from differing definitions: the term ''Muhajir'' as an ethnic group typically refers to descendants of migrants from present-day India, whereas the broader category of ''Urdu speakers'' may also include millions of individuals, particularly ethnic [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabis]] in major urban centers, who now speak Urdu as their first language.
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