User:Tinkaer1991/Jacob Panck
Governor of Dannemarksnagore
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=== Governor of Dannemarksnagore === |
=== Governor of Dannemarksnagore === |
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{{See also|Siege of Dannemarksnagore (1707)}} |
{{See also|Siege of Dannemarksnagore (1707)}} |
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When the [[governor of Dannemarksnagore]], [[Johan Joachim Michelsen]], died on 28 October 1706, Panck became [[Provisional government|Interim Governor]], as he was the oldest assistant in the colony. Upon his assumption as governor, Panck revealed Michelsen's accounts to be in complete disorder and now had to negotiate with his creditors.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} The local creditors demanded that the {{Abbr|D.E.I.C.|Danish East India Company}} should repay all of Michelsen's debt,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} and Panck also had a dispute with them concerning the cargo of the vessel ''Printz Carl'',{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} which had grounded during a voyage to [[Safavid Persia|Persia]] in 1704.{{Sfn| |
When the [[governor of Dannemarksnagore]], [[Johan Joachim Michelsen]], died on 28 October 1706, Panck became [[Provisional government|Interim Governor]], as he was the oldest assistant in the colony. Upon his assumption as governor, Panck revealed Michelsen's accounts to be in complete disorder and now had to negotiate with his creditors.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} The local creditors demanded that the {{Abbr|D.E.I.C.|Danish East India Company}} should repay all of Michelsen's debt,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} and Panck also had a dispute with them concerning the cargo of the vessel ''Printz Carl'',{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} which had grounded{{Sfn|Smith|2019}} during a voyage to [[Safavid Persia|Persia]]{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=100}}{{Sfn|Smith|2019}} in 1704.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=100}} Additionally, he removed a drunken and lustful assistant, named Christian Crotz, who had caused disruption in the colony.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} |
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[[File:Plan_of_Dannemarksnagore_5.png|thumb|266x266px|Plan of Dannemarksnagore from {{Circa|1720}} with the bastion (22), warehouses (6), hall (1),{{Efn|The hall was on the second floor, while the first floor had a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]].}} and main gate (18)]] |
[[File:Plan_of_Dannemarksnagore_5.png|thumb|266x266px|Plan of Dannemarksnagore from {{Circa|1720}} with the bastion (22), warehouses (6), hall (1),{{Efn|The hall was on the second floor, while the first floor had a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]].}} and main gate (18)]] |
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Meanwhile, the D.E.I.C. was dissatisfied with the cargo Panck sent to Tranquebar, and Tranquebar's [[Privy council|Privy Council]] (''{{Langx|da|secrete råd|label=none}}'') saw him as [[wikt:inchoate#Adjective|inchoate]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Consequently, on 20 July 1707,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=54}} [[Christen Brun-Lundegaard]] was sent to Dannemarksnagore as an accountant ({{Lang|da|revideur}}) and [[commissioner]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=54, 96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} However, before Brun-lundegaard reached the colony, the conditions there changed:{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} As Panck declined to repay Michelsen's debt until the colony got money from Tranquebar, the [[faujdar]] of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] now demanded larger gifts from the Danes and raised the tariffs. Subsequently, Panck started to fortify the factory, taking some Portuguese refugees into the Company's service, while putting both personnel and the factory in the best possible defensive condition.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Nonetheless, a local Mughal governor |
Meanwhile, the D.E.I.C. was dissatisfied with the cargo Panck sent to Tranquebar, and Tranquebar's [[Privy council|Privy Council]] (''{{Langx|da|secrete råd|label=none}}'') saw him as [[wikt:inchoate#Adjective|inchoate]] as governor.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Consequently, on 20 July 1707,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=54}} [[Christen Brun-Lundegaard]] was sent to Dannemarksnagore as an accountant ({{Lang|da|revideur}}) and [[commissioner]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=54, 96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} However, before Brun-lundegaard reached the colony, the conditions there changed:{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} As Panck declined to repay Michelsen's debt until the colony got money from Tranquebar, the [[faujdar]] of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] now demanded larger gifts from the Danes and raised the tariffs. Subsequently, Panck started to fortify the factory, taking some Portuguese refugees into the Company's service, while putting both personnel and the factory in the best possible defensive condition.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Nonetheless, several other issues arose,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and a local Mughal governor consequently [[Siege of Dannemarksnagore (1707)|began to besiege the factory]], although the siege was lifted after Panck agreed to give the governor some gifts.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} |
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In August 1707,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} |
In August 1707,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Christen Brun-Lundegaard reached Dannemarksnagore{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} with money and resources,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} and successfully continued Panck's negotiations with Michelsen's creditors.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Meanwhile, Panck discovered that a Danish captain, Adrian Blaumhagen, had practiced [[embezzlement]], and his case was subsequently brought before the court.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Brun-Lundegaard renewed the Danish trade in Bengal,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} already departing from Dannemarksnagore again in February 1708, as he had left the colony behind with money sufficient for one year.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Panck used this money to improve the factory,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} which was in bad shape{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and built with weak materials.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} As such, the factory's largest warehouse had to be rebuilt as it had collapsed, while the [[Beam (structure)|beams]] over the hall and the main gate were close to disintegrating.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Additionally, Panck had to replace a defensive earth [[bastion]] with a tall stone fortification during the siege,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} although much still had to be built from scratch.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Furthermore, although there still was a tariff dispute with the faujdar of Hooghly, the relationship between the [[Mughals]] and the Danes had improved{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} after Panck acquired the village of Tellingapore (present-day [[Telenipara]]){{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} for the D.E.I.C. for a yearly payment of 169 [[Rupee|rupees]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} |
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==== Historiography ==== |
==== Historiography ==== |
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==== Leaving Dannemarksnagore ==== |
==== Leaving Dannemarksnagore ==== |
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Nevertheless, Panck eventually sought to return to Tranquebar,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} as the Danish officials in the colony were distrustworthy and uncontrollable,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|pp=25–26}} with the captain of the vessel ''Fortuna'' found guilty of embezzlement too.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=26}} As such, Panck left the colony on the vessel ''Fortuna'' around January 1709, but had to return as the ship was damaged while going down the [[Hooghly River]]. Followingly, letters about Panck's desire to resign were sent to Tranquebar by land, and on 30 August 1709, [[Wolff Ravn]] was chosen as the new ''opperhoved'' of the colony.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940| |
Nevertheless, Panck eventually sought to return to Tranquebar,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} as the Danish officials in the colony were distrustworthy and uncontrollable,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|pp=25–26}} with the captain of the vessel ''Fortuna'' found guilty of embezzlement too.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=26}} As such, Panck left the colony on the vessel ''Fortuna'' around January 1709, but had to return as the ship was damaged while going down the [[Hooghly River]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Followingly, letters about Panck's desire to resign were sent to Tranquebar by land,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and on 30 August 1709, [[Wolff Ravn]] was chosen as the new ''opperhoved'' of the colony.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96, 100}} Subsequently, the [[yacht]] ''Gyldenløve'' departed from Tranquebar on 3 September{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96, 100}} with Ravn on board,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=26}} reaching Dannemarksnagore soon after.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Panck consequently left the colony again around January 1710 on the ''Gyldenløve'', but also ''Gyldenløve'' got damaged, and Panck had to stay in [[Balasore]], only coming to Tranquebar on 9 October.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} |
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=== Time in Tranquebar === |
=== Time in Tranquebar === |
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At Tranquebar, Panck became a [[Cashier#Accountancy|cashier]] ({{Langx|da|kasserer|label=none}}) and member of the Privy Council, where he was fourth-in-command. Additionally, he became {{Langx|da|kirkeværger|label=none}} ([[churchwarden]] responsible for a church's maintenance),{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and in 1713, he became the [[chief justice]] ({{Langx|da|præces|label=none}}) of the court in a case against Wolff Ravn,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940| |
At Tranquebar, Panck became a [[Cashier#Accountancy|cashier]] ({{Langx|da|kasserer|label=none}}) and member of the Privy Council, where he was fourth-in-command. Additionally, he became {{Langx|da|kirkeværger|label=none}} ([[churchwarden]] responsible for a church's maintenance),{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and in 1713, he became the [[chief justice]] ({{Langx|da|præces|label=none}}) of the court in a case against Wolff Ravn,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96, 100}} who also had practiced embezzlement in Dannemarksnagore.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=100}} Continuing in late 1714, Panck was installed as lower merchant ({{Langx|da|underkøbmand|label=none}}) and became third-in-command of the Privy Council{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} in 1716,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96–97}} as the company management did not find any other suitable for the position.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} Furthermore, he advanced as ''{{Langx|da|sekonde|label=none}}'' (second-in-command) of the Privy Council on 20 October 1716, and became chief justice again in the same year in another case.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} |
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On 2 November 1717, the company management in Copenhagen decided to dismiss Panck due to his age, and he immediately resigned when the management's letter reached Tranquebar on 3 September 1718.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} |
On 2 November 1717, the company management in Copenhagen decided to dismiss Panck due to his age, and he immediately resigned when the management's letter reached Tranquebar on 3 September 1718.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} |
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