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[[File:1650AmeriqueSeptentrionaleSansonDetail.jpg|thumb|Detail from Nicholas Sanson's 1650 Amerique Septentrionale Map]]

[[File:1650AmeriqueSeptentrionaleSansonDetail.jpg|thumb|Detail from Nicholas Sanson's 1650 Amerique Septentrionale Map]]

The Erie were a loose confederacy of three distinct settlement clusters, potentially representing three to five nations.{{cite book |last=White |first=Marian E. |year=1978 |chapter="Erie" |editor-last=Trigger |editor-first=Bruce |title=Handbook of North American Indians |volume=15 |pages=412-417 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofnortha0000bruc|url-access=registration}} Their total population, before European diseases including smallpox and measles halved their numbers, is estimated at roughly 12,000.{{cite|last=Snow |first=Dean |year=1994 |title=The Iroquois |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=1557862257 |page=110}} Although French maps from the period show the Erie occupying the entire south shore of Lake Erie, archaeologists currently support a threefold division of the region: two Algonquian groups inhabited the western reaches, while the Erie were situated to the east."{{cite book |last1=Brose |first1=David S. |editor1-last=Brose |editor1-first=Davis S. |editor2-last=Cowan |editor2-first=C. Wesley |editor3-last=Mainfort |editor3-first=Robert C. Jr. |title=Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700 |date=2001 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |isbn=978-0817383398 |pages=49-66 |chapter=Penumbral Protohistory on Lake Erie's South Shore}}

The Erie were a loose confederacy of three distinct settlement clusters, potentially representing three to five nations.{{cite book |last=White |first=Marian E. |year=1978 |chapter="Erie" |editor-last=Trigger |editor-first=Bruce |title=Handbook of North American Indians |volume=15 |pages=412-417 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofnortha0000bruc|url-access=registration}} Their total population, before European diseases including smallpox and measles halved their numbers, is estimated at roughly 12,000.{{cite|last=Snow |first=Dean |year=1994 |title=The Iroquois |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=1557862257 |page=110}} Although French maps from the period show the Erie occupying the entire south shore of Lake Erie, archaeologists currently support a multifold division of the region: Algonquian groups inhabited the western reaches, while the Erie were situated to the east."{{cite book |last1=Brose |first1=David S. |editor1-last=Brose |editor1-first=Davis S. |editor2-last=Cowan |editor2-first=C. Wesley |editor3-last=Mainfort |editor3-first=Robert C. Jr. |title=Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700 |date=2001 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |isbn=978-0817383398 |pages=49-66 |chapter=Penumbral Protohistory on Lake Erie's South Shore}}

The Erie lived near the southeastern shore of Lake Erie between the [[Buffalo River (New York)|Buffalo River]] and [[Presque Isle Bay]].{{cite journal |last=White |first=Marian E. |year=1971 |title=Ethnic Identification and Iroquois Groups in Western New York and Ontario |journal= Ethnohistory |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=19–38 |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/481592}} To the east of the Erie was the homeland of the [[Seneca people|Seneca]], one of the five nations that made up the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. Across Lake Erie were the Neutral whose villages were located in the [[Niagara Peninsula]] and the [[Grand River (Ontario)|Grand River]] watershed. North of the Buffalo River were the Wenrohronon (Wenro), who proactively joined the Wendat in 1638 after losing the protection of the Neutral. To the south, Erie influence extended up onto the northern [[Allegheny Plateau]], but there is no archaeological evidence of permanent habitation in the early 17th century.

The Erie lived along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie between the [[Buffalo River (New York)|Buffalo River]] and [[Presque Isle Bay]].{{cite journal |last=White |first=Marian E. |year=1971 |title=Ethnic Identification and Iroquois Groups in Western New York and Ontario |journal= Ethnohistory |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=19–38 |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/481592}} To the east of the Erie was the homeland of the [[Seneca people|Seneca]], one of the five nations that made up the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. Across Lake Erie were the Neutral whose villages were located in the [[Niagara Peninsula]] and the [[Grand River (Ontario)|Grand River]] watershed. North of the Buffalo River were the Wenrohronon (Wenro), who proactively joined the Wendat in 1638 after losing the protection of the Neutral. To the south, Erie influence extended up onto the northern [[Allegheny Plateau]], but there is no archaeological evidence of permanent upland habitation in the early 17th century.

West of Presque Isle Bay was an buffer zone between the Erie and people in the [[Cuyahoga River]] region belonging to the [[Whittlesey culture|Whittlesey tradition]]. Once thought to be Erie, the people of the Whittlesey tradition built their villages atop isolated river bluffs protected by ditches and embankments. They lived in small oval or rectangular structures instead of the communal longhouses typical of Iroquoian cultures, and produced grit-tempered as opposed to shell-tempered pottery. The people represented by the Whittlesey tradition were initially believed to be a distinct Iroquoian entity closely related to the Erie, however, there has been a movement toward seeing the Whittlesey as an [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] entity influenced by their Iroquoian neighbors.{{cite book |last=Brose |first=David S. |year=1994 |title=The South Park Village Site and the Late Prehistoric Whittlesey Tradition of Northeast Ohio (Monographs in World Archaeology No. 20) |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Prehistory Press |url=https://archive.org/details/southparkvillage0000bros |url-access=registration}}{{cite journal |last1=Brose | first1=David S. | last2=Wentzel | first2=Gregory | last3=Bluestone | first3=Helga | last4=Essenpreis | first4=Patricia |year=1976 |title=Conneaut Fort, a Prehistoric Whittlesey Focus Village in Ashtabula County, Ohio | journal=Pennsylvania Archaeologist | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=29–77}}

West of Presque Isle Bay was an buffer zone between the Erie and people in the [[Cuyahoga River]] region belonging to the [[Whittlesey culture|Whittlesey tradition]]. Once thought to be Erie, the people of the Whittlesey tradition built their villages atop isolated river bluffs protected by ditches and embankments. They lived in small oval or rectangular structures instead of the communal longhouses typical of Iroquoian cultures, and produced grit-tempered as opposed to shell-tempered pottery. The people represented by the Whittlesey tradition were initially believed to be a distinct Iroquoian entity closely related to the Erie, however, there has been a movement toward seeing the Whittlesey as an [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] entity influenced by their Iroquoian neighbors.{{cite book |last=Brose |first=David S. |year=1994 |title=The South Park Village Site and the Late Prehistoric Whittlesey Tradition of Northeast Ohio (Monographs in World Archaeology No. 20) |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Prehistory Press |url=https://archive.org/details/southparkvillage0000bros |url-access=registration}}{{cite journal |last1=Brose | first1=David S. | last2=Wentzel | first2=Gregory | last3=Bluestone | first3=Helga | last4=Essenpreis | first4=Patricia |year=1976 |title=Conneaut Fort, a Prehistoric Whittlesey Focus Village in Ashtabula County, Ohio | journal=Pennsylvania Archaeologist | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=29–77}}