Title of Godfrey of Bouillon

Among the earliest of the faithful to travel to the Holy Land was [[Helena (empress)|Saint Helena]], mother of [[Constantine the Great]], whose pilgrimage began in 326 AD. According to tradition, her travels led to the discovery of the [[True Cross]]. On the site of discovery, her son [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]] ordered the building of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]. Pilgrimages to the Holy Land became a tradition of devout Christians and continued even after the conquest of these lands by the Muslims following the [[Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)|Siege of Jerusalem]] in the 7th century.Jarrett, Bede (1911). "[[wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pilgrimages|Pilgrimages]]". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. '''12'''. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Among the earliest of the faithful to travel to the Holy Land was [[Helena (empress)|Saint Helena]], mother of [[Constantine the Great]], whose pilgrimage began in 326 AD. According to tradition, her travels led to the discovery of the [[True Cross]]. On the site of discovery, her son [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]] ordered the building of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]. Pilgrimages to the Holy Land became a tradition of devout Christians and continued even after the conquest of these lands by the Muslims following the [[Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)|Siege of Jerusalem]] in the 7th century.Jarrett, Bede (1911). "[[wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pilgrimages|Pilgrimages]]". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. '''12'''. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

A major disruption to these pilgrimages when the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid caliph]] [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|al-Hakim]] ordered the destruction of the [[Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Jerusalem on 28 September 1009. The subsequent persecution of Christians and destruction of their churches lasted for more than a decade. After the [[Battle of Manzikert]] in 1071, the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] overcame the Byzantines and invaded Asia Minor. Shortly thereafter, the Seljuks captured Jerusalem from the Fatimides, and his fellow tribesmen systematically disrupted Christian pilgrimage routes. This would lead to the First Crusade.Barker, Ernest (1911). "[[wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Crusades|Crusades]]". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. '''7''' (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press. Historical Causes of the Crusades. pp. 526–527.

A major disruption to these pilgrimages when the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid caliph]] [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|al-Hakim]] ordered the destruction of the [[Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Jerusalem on 28 September 1009. The subsequent persecution of Christians and destruction of their churches lasted for more than a decade. After the [[Battle of Manzikert]] in 1071, the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] overcame the Byzantines and invaded Asia Minor. Shortly thereafter, the Seljuks captured Jerusalem from the Fatimides, and his fellow tribesmen systematically disrupted [[Christian pilgrimage]] routes. This would lead to the First Crusade.Barker, Ernest (1911). "[[wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Crusades|Crusades]]". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. '''7''' (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press. Historical Causes of the Crusades. pp. 526–527.

===The call to arms===

===The call to arms===

{{blockquote|text=The settlement of secular and ecclesiastical authority within the city [of Jerusalem] and its surrounds resurrected the simmering hostilities between the leaders. On 22 July, Raymond of Toulouse was once more outmanoeuvred. After apparently refusing an offer to accept the crown of Jerusalem, perhaps on clerical prompting, he saw instead his latest chief rival, Godfrey of Bouillon, the only other main leader willing to remain in the east, elected as secular ruler, or Advocate (the title implying ecclesiastical authority).{{sfn|Tyerman|2006|p=159|loc=The Road to the Holy Sepulchre}}}}

{{blockquote|text=The settlement of secular and ecclesiastical authority within the city [of Jerusalem] and its surrounds resurrected the simmering hostilities between the leaders. On 22 July, Raymond of Toulouse was once more outmanoeuvred. After apparently refusing an offer to accept the crown of Jerusalem, perhaps on clerical prompting, he saw instead his latest chief rival, Godfrey of Bouillon, the only other main leader willing to remain in the east, elected as secular ruler, or Advocate (the title implying ecclesiastical authority).{{sfn|Tyerman|2006|p=159|loc=The Road to the Holy Sepulchre}}}}

''The Crusades—An Encyclopedia'' (2006) was edited by British historian Alan V. Murray who also authored studies on the title of Godfrey of Bouillon.Alan V. Murray, "The Title of Godfrey of Bouillon as Ruler of Jerusalem", Collegium Medievale 3 (1990), 163–178 In the former, the article on Godfrey of Bouillon states:

''The Crusades—An Encyclopedia'' (2006) was edited by British historian [[Alan V. Murray]] who also authored studies on the title of Godfrey of Bouillon.Alan V. Murray, "The Title of Godfrey of Bouillon as Ruler of Jerusalem", Collegium Medievale 3 (1990), 163–178 In the former, the article on Godfrey of Bouillon states:

{{blockquote|text=On 22 July. Godfrey was chosen as ruler of Jerusalem by the leading members of the crusade in preference to Raymond of Saint-Gilles, count of Toulouse. To forestall objections by Raymond and others that it was sacrilegious for a king to be crowned in the city where Christ had worn a Crown of Thorns, Godfrey declined to adopt a royal title, taking that of prince (Lat. ''princeps'') and defender of the Holy Sepulchre (Lat. ''advocatus Sancti Sepulchri'').{{sfn|Murray|2006|pp=533–535|loc=Godfrey of Bouillon (d. 1100)}}}}

{{blockquote|text=On 22 July. Godfrey was chosen as ruler of Jerusalem by the leading members of the crusade in preference to Raymond of Saint-Gilles, count of Toulouse. To forestall objections by Raymond and others that it was sacrilegious for a king to be crowned in the city where Christ had worn a Crown of Thorns, Godfrey declined to adopt a royal title, taking that of prince (Lat. ''princeps'') and defender of the Holy Sepulchre (Lat. ''advocatus Sancti Sepulchri'').{{sfn|Murray|2006|pp=533–535|loc=Godfrey of Bouillon (d. 1100)}}}}