Syunik (historical province)
Cultural life
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In 895 a higher education institution under the [[Tatev Monastery]] was established, becoming initially famed as a key cultural center of pan-Armenian importance. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Armenian culture experienced the most liberal ever period of its development in Syunik – and the rest of the Armenian states – since the 5th century.{{cite journal |last1=|first1= |last2= |first2= |last3=|first3= |date= |title= Armenian literature|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Armenian-literature|journal= Encyclopaedia Britannica |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=}} The relative political calm in the province in the late 8th and early 14th centuries, increased Syunik's prominence as the main cultural and intellectual center of Armenia at the time.{{cite book |last= Mathews |first=Thomas|author-link= |date=1991 |title= Armenian gospel iconography: the tradition of the Glajor Gospel|url= |location=|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|page=14|isbn=}} A distinguished educational institution since the 1280s, the [[University of Gladzor]] situated in Vayots-Dzor reached the peak of its prosperity under Burtel Orbelian in the early 14th century. It was the most famous Armenian monastic center of the time,{{cite book |last= Johnston |first=William|author-link= |date=2000 |title=Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iepJAgAAQBAJ |location=|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=86|isbn=9781136787164}} which also preserved the traditions of the Armenian [[Monophysitic|monophysistic]] culture.{{cite book |last= Parry |first=Kenneth|author-link= |date= 2007|title=The Blackwell companion to Eastern Christianity |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC|location=|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=400|isbn=9780470766392}} The university attracted young people from across Armenia who came there to study. Among the outstanding students of the institution were Stephen Orbelian, the historian of Syunik and the author of ''History of the Province of Sisakan'', architect [[Momik]], [[miniature art]]ists Toros Taronetsi and Tiratur Kilikietsi, theologian Mkhitar Sasnetsi and others. In 1373, a student of University of Gladzor, Hovan Vorotnetsi, founded the University of Tatev (14th–15th centuries) which later became home to [[Grigor Tatevatsi]] (1346–1409 or 1410), a distinguished medieval scholar who carried out his creative activity there. The Monastery of Tatev is also known as an intellectual center of medieval Armenia{{cite book |last=Toumanoff |first=Cyril|author-link= |date=1966|title=Armenia and Georgia // The Cambridge Medieval History|url= |location=|publisher=Cambridge|page=616|isbn=}} as it housed a large library and developed the school of Armenian miniature art. |
In 895 a higher education institution under the [[Tatev Monastery]] was established, becoming initially famed as a key cultural center of pan-Armenian importance. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Armenian culture experienced the most liberal ever period of its development in Syunik – and the rest of the Armenian states – since the 5th century.{{cite journal |last1=|first1= |last2= |first2= |last3=|first3= |date= |title= Armenian literature|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Armenian-literature|journal= Encyclopaedia Britannica |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=}} The relative political calm in the province in the late 8th and early 14th centuries, increased Syunik's prominence as the main cultural and intellectual center of Armenia at the time.{{cite book |last= Mathews |first=Thomas|author-link= |date=1991 |title= Armenian gospel iconography: the tradition of the Glajor Gospel|url= |location=|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|page=14|isbn=}} A distinguished educational institution since the 1280s, the [[University of Gladzor]] situated in Vayots-Dzor reached the peak of its prosperity under Burtel Orbelian in the early 14th century. It was the most famous Armenian monastic center of the time,{{cite book |last= Johnston |first=William|author-link= |date=2000 |title=Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iepJAgAAQBAJ |location=|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=86|isbn=9781136787164}} which also preserved the traditions of the Armenian [[Monophysitic|monophysistic]] culture.{{cite book |last= Parry |first=Kenneth|author-link= |date= 2007|title=The Blackwell companion to Eastern Christianity |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC|location=|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=400|isbn=9780470766392}} The university attracted young people from across Armenia who came there to study. Among the outstanding students of the institution were Stephen Orbelian, the historian of Syunik and the author of ''History of the Province of Sisakan'', architect [[Momik]], [[miniature art]]ists Toros Taronetsi and Tiratur Kilikietsi, theologian Mkhitar Sasnetsi and others. In 1373, a student of University of Gladzor, Hovan Vorotnetsi, founded the University of Tatev (14th–15th centuries) which later became home to [[Grigor Tatevatsi]] (1346–1409 or 1410), a distinguished medieval scholar who carried out his creative activity there. The Monastery of Tatev is also known as an intellectual center of medieval Armenia{{cite book |last=Toumanoff |first=Cyril|author-link= |date=1966|title=Armenia and Georgia // The Cambridge Medieval History|url= |location=|publisher=Cambridge|page=616|isbn=}} as it housed a large library and developed the school of Armenian miniature art. |
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Numerous Armenian manuscripts, including "The Testament of Gladzor", are known as prominent samples of national script art originated in Syunik. The school of fine arts (Syunik school){{cite journal |last1=Измайлова|first1=Т. |date= 1978|title= Сюникская школа армянской миниатюры второй половины XIII—начала XIV вв|url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/189995/edition/172547/xiii-xiv?language=en|journal= Историко-филологический журнал |volume= |issue=2 |pages=182–190 |doi= |access-date=}} representing monuments of architecture and stone ornamentations, developed in the Vayots Dzor between the 13th and 14th centuries, also becoming famed for its illuminated manuscripts.{{cite book |last=Казарян |first=А.|author-link= |date= 2003|title=Вайоц-Дзор // Православная энциклопедия |url=https://www.pravenc.ru/text/153851.html |location=М.|publisher=|pages= 498–499|isbn=}} Syunik was a major center of creative art in early 14th-century Armenia.{{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Thomas |author-link= |date=1994|title=Treasures in Heaven: Armenian Illuminated Manuscripts |url= |location=|publisher= Pierpont Morgan Library|page=91|isbn=}} One of the most ancient illuminated manuscripts, the Gospel Book dating from 989, was written in the Monastery of Noravank.{{cite book |last= Лазарев|first= В. |author-link= |date= 1986|title=Искусство Армении // История византийской живописи |url=https://www.icon-art.info/book_contents.php?lng=ru&book_id=29&chap=7&ch_l2=10 |location=М.|publisher= Искусство|page=83|isbn=}} |
Numerous Armenian manuscripts, including "The Testament of Gladzor", are known as prominent samples of national script art originated in Syunik. The school of fine arts (Syunik school){{cite journal |last1=Измайлова|first1=Т. |date= 1978|title= Сюникская школа армянской миниатюры второй половины XIII—начала XIV вв|url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/189995/edition/172547/xiii-xiv?language=en|journal= Историко-филологический журнал |volume= |issue=2 |pages=182–190 |doi= |access-date=}} representing monuments of architecture and stone ornamentations, developed in the Vayots Dzor between the 13th and 14th centuries, also becoming famed for its illuminated manuscripts.{{cite book |last=Казарян |first=А.|author-link= |date= 2003|title=Вайоц-Дзор // Православная энциклопедия |url=https://www.pravenc.ru/text/153851.html |location=М.|publisher=|pages= 498–499|isbn=}} Syunik was a major center of creative art in early 14th-century Armenia.{{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Thomas |author-link= |date=1994|title=Treasures in Heaven: Armenian Illuminated Manuscripts |url= |location=|publisher= Pierpont Morgan Library|page=91|isbn=}} One of the most ancient illuminated manuscripts, the Gospel Book dating from 989, was written in the Monastery of Noravank.{{cite book |last= Лазарев|first= В. |author-link= |date= 1986|title=Искусство Армении // История византийской живописи |url=https://www.icon-art.info/book_contents.php?lng=ru&book_id=29&chap=7&ch_l2=10 |location=М.|publisher= Искусство|page=83|isbn=}} |
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Among the best known architectural monuments are [[Tatev Monastery|Tatev]] (895–906), [[Noravank]] (13th–14th centuries), [[Vahanavank]] (911), Makenis (10th century), [[Bgheno-Noravank]] (11th century), Sisavan (7th century), [[Vorotnavank]] (9th–11th centuries), and Zorats (14th century). In the late 13th century, Stephen Orbelian compiled a long list of the monasteries in that part of Armenia. |
Among the best known architectural monuments are [[Tatev Monastery|Tatev]] (895–906), [[Noravank]] (13th–14th centuries), [[Vahanavank]] (911), Makenis (10th century), [[Bgheno-Noravank]] (11th century), Sisavan (7th century), [[Vorotnavank]] (9th–11th centuries), and Zorats (14th century). In the late 13th century, Stephen Orbelian compiled a long list of the monasteries in that part of Armenia. |
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