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Following the fall of [[Rāmaññadesa]] ({{lit|the land of the Mon}}; potentially the eastern [[Menam]] valley) to Angkor in 946,[Hall, Kenneth R. “Khmer Commercial Development and Foreign Contacts under Sūryavarman I.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 18, no. 3, 1975, pp. 318–336. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3632140. Accessed 3 June 2020.][{{cite web|url=https://publication.npru.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/1158/1/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%20%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5.pdf|title=Evidences of Governors and Aristocrats' Existences in Dvaravati Period|language=th|date=2020|accessdate=19 December 2023|author=Supitchar Jindawattanaphum|publisher=Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University}}]{{rp|3546}} the upper [[Menam]] valley—particularly the regions of [[Sukhothai Historical Park|Sukhothai]], [[Mueang Chaliang|Si Satchanalai]], and {{ill|Thung Yung|th|เมืองทุ่งยั้ง|lt=Kampoṭanagara}}—was brought under the control of a Monic dynasty from [[Haripuñjaya]] led by [[Abhayakamini]] since the 950s onward, as recorded in the ''[[Northern Chronicle]]''.[{{rp|9–10}} At the same time, the [[Phitsanulok]] area is recorded in the ''[[Ayutthaya Testimonies]]'' as governed by [[Sudhammaraja]], a [[Xiān]] ruler who had relocated northward from the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region.][{{rp|37}} Later, during the reign of [[Suvacanaraja]] of [[Mueang Chaliang|Si Satchanalai]], which commenced in 1052, these territories faced an incursion by a coalition of [[Tai Yuan]] ''[[mueang]]s'' under Śrīdharmatripiṭaka ({{lang|th|ศรีธรรมไตรปิฎก}}) of [[Ngoenyang]] [[Chiang Saen]]. Although the conflict was ultimately resolved through negotiation, Suvacanarāja gave his only daughter in marriage to Śrīdharmatripiṭaka, thereby establishing a dynastic alliance,][{{rp|17–8}} while the Xiān ruler of Phitsanulok, led by [[Vijayaraja]], is recorded as having relocated southward to [[Phetchaburi]] before the outbreak of hostilities.][{{rp|38}} This interdynastic union produced two princes, the elder of whom, [[Kesariraja]], later became ruler of the [[Lavo Kingdom]].][{{rp|18}} Following these events, no further record explicitly attests to the continuation of this Monic dynasty. In contrast, Śrīdharmatripiṭaka is noted to have remained influential in the region, particularly through the reconstruction of Phitsanulok under his authority.][{{rp|19–21}} Kesariraja is further recorded as having married a daughter of an otherwise unidentified ruler of Si Satchanalai,][{{rp|23}} and their son subsequently married a Xiān princess under [[Phra Chao Luang]] at Ayodhya.] |
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Following the fall of [[Rāmaññadesa]] ({{lit|the land of the Mon}}; potentially the eastern [[Menam]] valley) to Angkor in 946,[Hall, Kenneth R. “Khmer Commercial Development and Foreign Contacts under Sūryavarman I.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 18, no. 3, 1975, pp. 318–336. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3632140. Accessed 3 June 2020.][{{cite web|url=https://publication.npru.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/1158/1/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%20%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5.pdf|title=Evidences of Governors and Aristocrats' Existences in Dvaravati Period|language=th|date=2020|accessdate=19 December 2023|author=Supitchar Jindawattanaphum|publisher=Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University}}]{{rp|3546}} the upper [[Menam]] valley—particularly the regions of [[Sukhothai Historical Park|Sukhothai]], [[Mueang Chaliang|Si Satchanalai]], and {{ill|Thung Yung|th|เมืองทุ่งยั้ง|lt=Kampoṭanagara}}—was brought under the control of a Monic dynasty from [[Haripuñjaya]] led by [[Abhayakamini]] since the 950s onward, as recorded in the ''[[Northern Chronicle]]''.[{{rp|9–10}} At the same time, the [[Phitsanulok]] area is recorded in the ''[[Ayutthaya Testimonies]]'' as governed by [[Sudhammaraja]], a [[Xiān]] ruler who had relocated northward from the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region.][{{rp|37}} Later, during the reign of [[Suvacanaraja]] of [[Mueang Chaliang|Si Satchanalai]], which commenced in 1052, these territories faced an incursion by a coalition of [[Tai Yuan]] ''[[mueang]]s'' under Śrīdharmatripiṭaka ({{lang|th|ศรีธรรมไตรปิฎก}}) of [[Ngoenyang]] [[Chiang Saen]]. Although the conflict was ultimately resolved through negotiation, Suvacanarāja gave his only daughter in marriage to Śrīdharmatripiṭaka, thereby establishing a dynastic alliance,][{{rp|17–8}} while the Xiān ruler of Phitsanulok, led by [[Vijayaraja]], is recorded as having relocated southward to [[Phetchaburi]] before the outbreak of hostilities.][{{rp|38}} This interdynastic union produced two princes, the elder of whom, [[Kesariraja]], later became ruler of the [[Lavo Kingdom]].][{{rp|18}} Following these events, no further record explicitly attests to the continuation of this Monic dynasty. In contrast, Śrīdharmatripiṭaka is noted to have remained influential in the region, particularly through the reconstruction of Phitsanulok under his authority.][{{rp|19–21}} Kesariraja is further recorded as having married a daughter of an otherwise unidentified ruler of Si Satchanalai,][{{rp|23}} and their son subsequently married a Xiān princess under [[Phra Chao Luang]] at Ayodhya.][{{rp|104}}] |
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During the mid-12th century, the upper [[Menam]] Valley was likely brought under the dominion of an emergent line of early Siamese monarchs, whose principal seat of authority was situated in the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region. According to historical records, two princes from this lineage established their respective domains in the upper valley. [[Suryaraja]], the grandfather of [[Si Intharathit]], is recorded in the ''[[Ayutthaya Testimonies]]'' to have established his seat at Vicitraprakāra ({{lang|th|วิเชียรปราการ}}; modern [[Kamphaeng Phet]]) around 1157.[{{rp|11}} His cousin, [[Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri]]{{efn-lr|Referred to as Intharacha ({{lang|th|อินทราชา}}) in the ''[[Ayutthaya Testimonies]]''][{{rp|44, 46}}|name=intha}}—formally titled ''Sommedethia Pprappanom Tteleiseri Maahesa Vorauaarintti Raacha Boppitra''—is mentioned in the ''Instructions Given to the Siamese Envoys Sent to Portugal in 1684'' and in ''[[Du Royaume de Siam]]'' as having departed from ''Yassouttora Nacoora Louang'' or ''Tasoo Nacora Louan''g, identified with Lavo, to establish his authority at [[Sukhothai Historical Park|Sukhothai]]–[[Nakhon Thai district|Lacontai]] around 1156.][{{rp|127}}][ This event may have been triggered by the reclamation campaign over [[Lavo Kingdom|Lavo]] and the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region by [[Sri Dharmasokaraja II]] (r. 1157–1183) and his possible northward expansion of authority to encompass the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region and extend as far as present-day [[Nakhon Sawan Province]],][{{cite web|url=http://dspace.nstru.ac.th:8080/dspace/bitstream/123456789/337/1/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A.pdf|title=พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช|trans-title=Sri Thammasokaraj|language=th|author=Chatchai Sukrakarn|accessdate=6 November 2024|date=October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812062734/http://dspace.nstru.ac.th:8080/dspace/bitstream/123456789/337/1/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2024 }}]{{rp|36–40}} based on interpretations of the text preserved in the ''Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription'' (K. 766), dated 1167 CE;[{{cite web|url=https://db.sac.or.th/inscriptions/inscribe/detail/489|title=จารึกดงแม่นางเมือง|trans-title=Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription|language=th|accessdate=18 December 2025|date=8 September 2025|work=[[Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251217172933/https://db.sac.or.th/inscriptions/inscribe/detail/489|archive-date=2025-12-17}}] however, he appears to have lost control of all territories in the lower [[Menam]] Valley to the [[Angkor]]ian [[Mahidharapura]] dynasty by around 1180 CE,{{efn-lr|name=war|According to the ''Legend of Phatthalung'', he is said to have reigned in another city in 1180 CE, potentially in Lavo,[{{rp|48}} while in the same year the ''Legend of Nakhon Si Thammarat'' places him at [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]], where he is described as engaging in warfare against Phichaithep Chiang Saen.}} after which he retreated southward to his primary domain in [[Tambralinga]].][{{rp|39}}] |
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During the mid-12th century, the upper [[Menam]] Valley was likely brought under the dominion of an emergent line of early Siamese monarchs, whose principal seat of authority was situated in the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region. According to historical records, two princes from this lineage established their respective domains in the upper valley. [[Suryaraja]], the grandfather of [[Si Intharathit]], is recorded in the ''[[Ayutthaya Testimonies]]'' to have established his seat at Vicitraprakāra ({{lang|th|วิเชียรปราการ}}; modern [[Kamphaeng Phet]]) around 1157.[{{rp|11}} His cousin, [[Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri]]{{efn-lr|Referred to as Intharacha ({{lang|th|อินทราชา}}) in the ''[[Ayutthaya Testimonies]]''][{{rp|44, 46}}|name=intha}}—formally titled ''Sommedethia Pprappanom Tteleiseri Maahesa Vorauaarintti Raacha Boppitra''—is mentioned in the ''Instructions Given to the Siamese Envoys Sent to Portugal in 1684'' and in ''[[Du Royaume de Siam]]'' as having departed from ''Yassouttora Nacoora Louang'' or ''Tasoo Nacora Louan''g, identified with Lavo, to establish his authority at [[Sukhothai Historical Park|Sukhothai]]–[[Nakhon Thai district|Lacontai]] around 1156.][{{rp|127}}][ This event may have been triggered by the reclamation campaign over [[Lavo Kingdom|Lavo]] and the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region by [[Sri Dharmasokaraja II]] (r. 1157–1183) and his possible northward expansion of authority to encompass the [[Phraek Si Racha]] region and extend as far as present-day [[Nakhon Sawan Province]],][{{cite web|url=http://dspace.nstru.ac.th:8080/dspace/bitstream/123456789/337/1/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A.pdf|title=พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช|trans-title=Sri Thammasokaraj|language=th|author=Chatchai Sukrakarn|accessdate=6 November 2024|date=October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812062734/http://dspace.nstru.ac.th:8080/dspace/bitstream/123456789/337/1/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2024 }}]{{rp|36–40}} based on interpretations of the text preserved in the ''Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription'' (K. 766), dated 1167 CE;[{{cite web|url=https://db.sac.or.th/inscriptions/inscribe/detail/489|title=จารึกดงแม่นางเมือง|trans-title=Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription|language=th|accessdate=18 December 2025|date=8 September 2025|work=[[Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251217172933/https://db.sac.or.th/inscriptions/inscribe/detail/489|archive-date=2025-12-17}}] however, he appears to have lost control of all territories in the lower [[Menam]] Valley to the [[Angkor]]ian [[Mahidharapura]] dynasty by around 1180 CE,{{efn-lr|name=war|According to the ''Legend of Phatthalung'', he is said to have reigned in another city in 1180 CE, potentially in Lavo,[{{rp|48}} while in the same year the ''Legend of Nakhon Si Thammarat'' places him at [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]], where he is described as engaging in warfare against Phichaithep Chiang Saen.}} after which he retreated southward to his primary domain in [[Tambralinga]].][{{rp|39}}] |
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