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'''Ska''' ({{IPAc-en|s|k|aː}}; {{langx|jam|label=[[Jamaican Creole]]|skia}}, {{IPA|jam|skjæ|}}) is a [[music genre]] that originated in [[Jamaica]] in the late 1950s and was the precursor to [[rocksteady]] and [[reggae]].[{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Ska |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Hussey Dermot |url=http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article–9118222}}] It combined elements of [[Caribbean]] [[mento]] and [[Calypso music|calypso]] with [[United States|American]] [[jazz]] and [[rhythm and blues]]. Ska is characterized by a [[walking bass]] line accented with rhythms on the [[Off-beat (music)|off beat]]. It was developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when [[Stranger Cole]], [[Prince Buster]], [[Coxsone Dodd|Clement "Coxsone" Dodd]], and [[Duke Reid]] formed [[Reggae sound system|sound system]]s to play American rhythm and blues and then began recording their own songs.[{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Ska Revival |url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d386|pure_url=yes}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326111030/https://www.allmusic.com/style/ska-revival-ma0000002403 |archive-date=2019-03-26 |access-date=2 February 2007 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}] In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with [[mod (subculture)|British mods]] and with many [[skinhead]]s.[{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Timothy S. |date=Fall 2004 |title=Subcultures, pop music and politics: skinheads and "Nazi rock" in England and Germany |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_38/ai_n6234788/pg_1 |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Social History |volume=38 |pages=157–178 |doi=10.1353/jsh.2004.0079 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628140326/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_38/ai_n6234788/pg_1 |archive-date=28 June 2009|url-access=subscription }}][{{Cite web |date=19 February 2001 |title=Smiling Smash: An Interview with Cathal Smyth, a.k.a Chas Smash, of Madness{{dash}}Ska/Reggae{{dash}}08/16/99 |url=http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010219175613/http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm |archive-date=19 February 2001 |access-date=28 October 2011}}][{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=George |title=Spirit of '69: A Skinhead Bible |publisher=S.T. Publishing |year=1991 |isbn=1-898927-10-3 |location=Dunoon, Scotland}}][{{Cite web |date=14 January 1998 |title=Inspecter 7 |url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/1998/011598/music1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020626192323/http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/1998/011598/music1.html |archive-date=26 June 2002 |access-date=28 October 2011 |website=[[Montreal Mirror]]}}] |
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'''Ska''' ({{IPAc-en|s|k|aː}}; {{langx|jam|label=[[Jamaican Creole]]|skia}}, {{IPA|jam|skjæ|}}) is a [[music genre]] that originated in [[Jamaica]] in the late 1950s and was the precursor to [[rocksteady]] and [[reggae]].[{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Ska |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Hussey Dermot |url=http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article–9118222}}] It combined elements of [[Caribbean]] [[mento]] (sometimes referred to as [[Calypso music|calypso]]) with [[United States|American]] [[jazz]] and [[rhythm and blues]]. Ska is characterized by a [[walking bass]] line accented with rhythms on the [[Off-beat (music)|off beat]]. It was developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when [[Stranger Cole]], [[Prince Buster]], [[Coxsone Dodd|Clement "Coxsone" Dodd]], and [[Duke Reid]] formed [[Reggae sound system|sound system]]s to play American rhythm and blues and then began recording their own songs.[{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Ska Revival |url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d386|pure_url=yes}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326111030/https://www.allmusic.com/style/ska-revival-ma0000002403 |archive-date=2019-03-26 |access-date=2 February 2007 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}] In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with [[mod (subculture)|British mods]] and with many [[skinhead]]s.[{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Timothy S. |date=Fall 2004 |title=Subcultures, pop music and politics: skinheads and "Nazi rock" in England and Germany |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_38/ai_n6234788/pg_1 |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Social History |volume=38 |pages=157–178 |doi=10.1353/jsh.2004.0079 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628140326/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_38/ai_n6234788/pg_1 |archive-date=28 June 2009|url-access=subscription }}][{{Cite web |date=19 February 2001 |title=Smiling Smash: An Interview with Cathal Smyth, a.k.a Chas Smash, of Madness{{dash}}Ska/Reggae{{dash}}08/16/99 |url=http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010219175613/http://ska.about.com/musicperform/ska/library/1999/aa081699a.htm |archive-date=19 February 2001 |access-date=28 October 2011}}][{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=George |title=Spirit of '69: A Skinhead Bible |publisher=S.T. Publishing |year=1991 |isbn=1-898927-10-3 |location=Dunoon, Scotland}}][{{Cite web |date=14 January 1998 |title=Inspecter 7 |url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/1998/011598/music1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020626192323/http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/1998/011598/music1.html |archive-date=26 June 2002 |access-date=28 October 2011 |website=[[Montreal Mirror]]}}] |
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Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods: the original Jamaican scene of the 1960s; the [[Two-tone (music genre)|2 tone]] ska revival of the late 1970s in Britain, which fused Jamaican ska rhythms and melodies with the faster tempos and harder edge of [[punk rock]] forming [[ska-punk]]; and [[third-wave ska]], which involved bands from a wide range of countries around the world, in the late 1980s and 1990s.[{{Cite news |last=Selvin |first=Joel |date=23 March 2008 |title=A brief history of ska |url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/a-brief-history-of-ska-3221107.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109104603/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F03%2F21%2FPKSPVIK17.DTL |archive-date=9 November 2011 |access-date=28 October 2011 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}] |
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Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods: the original Jamaican scene of the 1960s; the [[Two-tone (music genre)|2 tone]] ska revival of the late 1970s in Britain, which fused Jamaican ska rhythms and melodies with the faster tempos and harder edge of [[punk rock]] forming [[ska-punk]]; and [[third-wave ska]], which involved bands from a wide range of countries around the world, in the late 1980s and 1990s.[{{Cite news |last=Selvin |first=Joel |date=23 March 2008 |title=A brief history of ska |url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/a-brief-history-of-ska-3221107.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109104603/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F03%2F21%2FPKSPVIK17.DTL |archive-date=9 November 2011 |access-date=28 October 2011 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}] |
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