Public lands in the United States

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Public lands in the United States

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== Land-grant state universities ==
== Land-grant state universities ==
[[File:Land_Grant_Colleges_Map.svg|right|thumbnail|[[List of land-grant universities|Land-grant universities]] ]]
[[File:Land_Grant_Colleges_Map.svg|right|thumbnail|[[List of land-grant universities|Land-grant universities]] ]]
A [[land-grant university]] (also called '''land-grant college''' or '''land-grant institution''') is an institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts|Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890]],{{cite book |editor1-last=Collins |editor1-first=John Williams |editor2-last=O'Brien |editor2-first=Nancy P. |title=The Greenwood Dictionary of Education |url=https://archive.org/details/greenwooddiction00coll_535 |url-access=limited |date=2003 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-89774-860-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greenwooddiction00coll_535/page/n239 227]}} or a beneficiary under the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994. There are 57 institutions which fall under the 1862 Act, 19 under the 1890 Act, and 35 under the 1994 Act.
A [[land-grant university]] (also called '''land-grant college''' or '''land-grant institution''') is an institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts|Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890]],{{cite book |editor1-last=Collins |editor1-first=John Williams |editor2-last=O'Brien |editor2-first=Nancy P. |title=The Greenwood Dictionary of Education |url=https://archive.org/details/greenwooddiction00coll_535 |url-access=limited |date=2003 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-89774-860-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greenwooddiction00coll_535/page/n239 227]}} or a beneficiary under the [[Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994]]. There are 57 institutions which fall under the 1862 Act, 19 under the 1890 Act, and 35 under the 1994 Act.


Signed by [[Presidency of Abraham Lincoln|President Abraham Lincoln]] in 1862, the first Morrill Act began to fund educational institutions by granting federally owned land to the states for them to sell, to raise funds, to establish and [[Financial endowment|endow]] "land-grant" colleges. The mission of these institutions as set forth in the 1862 act is to focus on the teaching of practical agriculture, science, [[military science]], and engineering—although "without excluding other scientific and classical studies".{{Citation | publisher = Washington State University | title = What Is A Land-Grant College? | url = http://ext.wsu.edu/documents/landgrant.pdf | access-date = July 12, 2011 | archive-date = November 6, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201106181504/https://ext.wsu.edu/documents/landgrant.pdf | url-status = live }}
Signed by [[Presidency of Abraham Lincoln|President Abraham Lincoln]] in 1862, the first Morrill Act began to fund educational institutions by granting federally owned land to the states for them to sell, to raise funds, to establish and [[Financial endowment|endow]] "land-grant" colleges. The mission of these institutions as set forth in the 1862 act is to focus on the teaching of practical agriculture, science, [[military science]], and engineering—although "without excluding other scientific and classical studies".{{Citation | publisher = Washington State University | title = What Is A Land-Grant College? | url = http://ext.wsu.edu/documents/landgrant.pdf | access-date = July 12, 2011 | archive-date = November 6, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201106181504/https://ext.wsu.edu/documents/landgrant.pdf | url-status = live }}


His mission was in sharp contrast to the historic practice of higher education concentrating entirely on a [[liberal arts]] curriculum based largely on Latin and Greek. The 1890 act required states that limited the enrollment in their land-grant school to the "white race" (in practice mostly those in the [[Southern United States]]) to provide a separate land-grant institution, in practice generally for [[African Americans]] ([[HBCU]]s). The 1994 expansion gave land-grant status and benefits to several [[tribal colleges and universities]].{{cite book |title=Greenwood Dictionary of Education |date=2003 |page=235}}
His mission was in sharp contrast to the historic practice of higher education concentrating entirely on a [[liberal arts]] curriculum based largely on [[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]. The 1890 act required states that limited the enrollment in their land-grant school to the "white race" (in practice mostly those in the [[Southern United States]]) to provide a separate land-grant institution, in practice generally for [[African Americans]] ([[HBCU]]s). The 1994 expansion gave land-grant status and benefits to several [[tribal colleges and universities]].{{cite book |title=Greenwood Dictionary of Education |date=2003 |page=235}}


Ultimately, most Morill land-grant colleges became large [[Public university|public universities]] that today offer a full spectrum of educational opportunities. However, some land-grant colleges are private, including [[Cornell University]], the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), and [[Tuskegee University]].{{cite book |last1=Brunner |first1=Henry Sherman |title=Land-grant Colleges and Universities, 1862-1962 |date=1962 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WrqaYvmnt8EC&q=land-grant+colleges+and+universities+1862-1962&pg=PA8 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-date=September 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904184215/https://books.google.com/books?id=WrqaYvmnt8EC&q=land-grant+colleges+and+universities+1862-1962&pg=PA8 |url-status=live }} The 35 tribal colleges or universities are generally smaller institutions.
Ultimately, most Morill land-grant colleges became large [[Public university|public universities]] that today offer a full spectrum of educational opportunities. However, some land-grant colleges are private, including [[Cornell University]], the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), and [[Tuskegee University]].{{cite book |last1=Brunner |first1=Henry Sherman |title=Land-grant Colleges and Universities, 1862-1962 |date=1962 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WrqaYvmnt8EC&q=land-grant+colleges+and+universities+1862-1962&pg=PA8 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-date=September 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904184215/https://books.google.com/books?id=WrqaYvmnt8EC&q=land-grant+colleges+and+universities+1862-1962&pg=PA8 |url-status=live }} The 35 tribal colleges or universities are generally smaller institutions.
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