Murom

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Murom

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'''Murom''' ({{langx|ru|Муром}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈmurəm|IPA}}) is a historical [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Vladimir Oblast]], [[Russia]], which sprawls along the west bank of the [[Oka River]]. It borders [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] and is situated {{convert|137|km}} from the administrative center [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]]. Its population as of the [[2021 Russian census|2021 Census]] was 107,497.
'''Murom''' ({{langx|ru|Муром}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈmurəm|IPA}}) is a historical [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Vladimir Oblast]], [[Russia]], which sprawls along the west bank of the [[Oka River]]. It borders [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] and is situated {{convert|137|km}} from the administrative center [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]]. Its population as of the [[2021 Russian census|2021 Census]] was 107,497.

==Etymology==
The name of the city is derived from the [[Muroma]], a [[Finnic peoples|Finnic]] tribe that inhabited the area.{{cite book |last1=Everett-Heath |first1=John |title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-names |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-860537-9 |page=355 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Concise_Dictionary_of_World_Place_na/fghrQgAACAAJ?hl=en |language=en |chapter=Murom}}


==History==
==History==
===Middle Ages===
In the 9th century AD, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the [[East Slavs]] in the land of the Finnic [[Volga Finns|Muromians]]. The ''[[Primary Chronicle]]'' mentions it as early as AD 862.{{cite book | url=http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf | title=The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text | publisher=Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, MA. |author1=Hazzard Cross |author2=Samuel and Sherbowitz-Wetzor |author3=Olgerd P. | year=1953 | pages=59–60}} It is, thus, one of the oldest cities in Russia. Circa 900 AD, it was an important trading post from [[Volga Bulgaria]] to the [[Baltic Sea]].
In the 9th century, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the [[East Slavs]] in the land of the [[Muroma]], a Finnic tribe. The ''[[Primary Chronicle]]'' mentions it as early as 862.{{cite book | url=http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf | title=The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text | publisher=Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, MA. |author1=Hazzard Cross |author2=Samuel and Sherbowitz-Wetzor |author3=Olgerd P. | year=1953 | pages=59–60}} It is, thus, one of the oldest cities in Russia. Around 900, it was an important trading post from [[Volga Bulgaria]] to the [[Baltic Sea]].

⚫
Between 1010 and 1392, it was the capital of a [[Principality of Murom|separate principality]], whose rulers included the saints [[Boris and Gleb|Gleb]], assassinated in 1015 and canonized in 1071, [[Konstantin of Murom|Konstantin the Blessed]], and [[Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom]], subjects of an [[opera]] by [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]]. It was believed to be the home town of the Russian epic hero [[Ilya Muromets]].{{cite book |last1=Kononenko |first1=Natalie |authorlink=Natalie Kononenko |editor1-last=Beissinger |editor1-first=Margaret H. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Slavic and East European Folklore |chapter=Byliny: Russian Folk Epic |date=11 April 2025 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-008077-8 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Slavic_and_East_E/AC9KEQAAQBAJ |language=en}}{{rp|pp=487–489}} The town has a statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right.


Along with the [[Principality of Ryazan]], Murom bore the brunt of attacks from the east as it constituted the southeastern border of Russia.{{cite book |last1=Feldbrugge |first1=Ferdinand J. M. |title=A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649 |date=2 October 2017 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-35214-8 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_Russian_Law/TDI9DwAAQBAJ |language=en}}{{rp|31}} As a result, Murom became dependent on the other [[Russian principalities]].{{rp|31}} [[Vasily I of Moscow]] received the patent for the throne of Murom in 1392 and it was incorporated into the [[Grand Principality of Moscow]].{{rp|31}}
⚫
Between AD 1010 and AD 1393, it was the capital of a [[Principality of Murom|separate principality]], whose rulers included Saint [[Boris and Gleb|Gleb]], assassinated in AD 1015 and canonized in AD 1071, Saint Prince [[Konstantin of Murom|Konstantin the Blessed]], and [[Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom]], subjects of an [[opera]] by [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]]. It was believed to be the home town of the most celebrated East Slavic [[epic poetry|epic]] hero, [[Ilya Muromets]]. The town has a statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right.


===Recent history===
On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov.{{cite book |title=Mass uprisings in the USSR: protest and rebellion in the post-Stalin years |first1=Vladimir A. |last1=Kozlov |first2=Elaine |last2=McClarnand MacKinnon |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s1kQQgCMHPIC&q=101+kilometer+law+Soviet&pg=PA193 |isbn=9780765606686 |year=2002 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |via=books.google.com}}
On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov.{{cite book |title=Mass uprisings in the USSR: protest and rebellion in the post-Stalin years |first1=Vladimir A. |last1=Kozlov |first2=Elaine |last2=McClarnand MacKinnon |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s1kQQgCMHPIC&q=101+kilometer+law+Soviet&pg=PA193 |isbn=9780765606686 |year=2002 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |via=books.google.com}}


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