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== Duration of supply == |
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== Duration of supply == |
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Exodus states that the Israelites consumed the manna for 40 years, starting from the fifteenth day of the second month ([[Iyar]] 15),[{{bibleverse||Exodus|16:1-4|HE}}.] but that it then ceased to appear once they had reached a settled land, and once they had reached the borders of Canaan (inhabited by the [[Canaanites]]).[{{bibleverse||Exodus|16:35|HE}}.] Form critics attribute this variation to the view that each expression of the manna ceasing derives from different lore; the "settled land" is attributed to the Priestly tradition,[{{bibleverse||Joshua|5:10-12|HE}}.] The duration from Iyar 15 to Nisan 14, taken literally, is forty years less one month.{{cn|date=October 2025}} |
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Exodus states that the Israelites consumed the manna for 40 years, starting from the fifteenth day of the second month ([[Iyar]] 15),[{{bibleverse||Exodus|16:1-4|HE}}.] but that it then ceased to appear once they had reached a settled land, and once they had reached the borders of Canaan (inhabited by the [[Canaanites]]).[{{bibleverse||Exodus|16:35|HE}}.] Form critics attribute this variation to the view that each expression of the manna ceasing derives from different lore; the "settled land" is attributed to the Priestly tradition,[{{bibleverse||Joshua|5:10-12|HE}}.] The duration from Iyar 15 to Nisan 14, taken literally, is forty years less one month.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} |
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There is also a disagreement among classical rabbinical writers as to when the manna ceased, particularly in regard to whether it remained after the death of Moses for a further 40 days, 70 days, or 14 years; |
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There is also a disagreement among classical rabbinical writers as to when the manna ceased, particularly in regard to whether it remained after the death of Moses for a further 40 days, 70 days, or 14 years; |
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====References in the 17th and 18th centuries==== |
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====References in the 17th and 18th centuries==== |
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* [[Pierre Pomet]]. ''Histoire générale des drogues ...'' 1694.[[[Pierre Pomet]]. ''Histoire générale des drogues, traitant des plantes, des animaux, & des mineraux] ; ouvrage enrichy de plus de quatre cent figures en taille-douce tirées d'aprés nature ; avec un discours qui explique leurs differens noms, les pays d'où elles viennent, la maniere de connoître les veritables d'avec les falsifiées, & leurs proprietez, où l'on découvre l'erreur des anciens & des modernes...par le sieur Pierre Pomet....'' Jean-Baptiste Loyson & Augustin Pillon Paris 1694, Buch 7 : Des gommes, Kapitel 2 : De la manne (p. 236–239) [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?cote=pharma_000056&p=305&do=page (Digitalisat)]. – [[Nicolas Lemery]]. ''Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples ...'' 1699.[[[Nicolas Lemery]]. ''Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples, contenant leurs noms, origines, choix, principes, vertus, étymologies, et ce qu’il y a de particulier dans les animaux, dans les végétaux et dans les minéraux'', Laurent d'Houry, Paris, 1699, pp. 470–471: Manna [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?cote=20798&p=490&do=page (Digitalisat)].] – [[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]] 1717[[[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]]. ''Traité de la matière médicale, ou l'Histoire et l'usage des médicamens et leur analyse chymique, avec les noms des plantes en latin et en françois, leurs vertus, leurs doses et les compositions où on les employe.'' Edited by M. Besnier, L. d'Houry, Paris 1717. vol I, p. 28–37 [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?cote=pharma_032249x01&p=103&do=page (Digitalisat)].] – Pomet – Lémery – Tournefort[''A compleat history of drugs, written in French by Monsieur Pomet ... To which is added what is further observable on the same subject from Mess. Lémery and Tournefort ... Done into English from the originals''. Third edition, London 1737, p. 173 ff. [[iarchive:compleathistoryo00pome/page/173|(Digitalisat)]].] |
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* [[Pierre Pomet]]. ''Histoire générale des drogues ...'' 1694.[[[Pierre Pomet]]. ''Histoire générale des drogues, traitant des plantes, des animaux, & des mineraux; ouvrage enrichy de plus de quatre cent figures en taille-douce tirées d'aprés nature; avec un discours qui explique leurs differens noms, les pays d'où elles viennent, la maniere de connoître les veritables d'avec les falsifiées, & leurs proprietez, où l'on découvre l'erreur des anciens & des modernes...par le sieur Pierre Pomet....'' Jean-Baptiste Loyson & Augustin Pillon Paris 1694, Buch 7 : Des gommes, Kapitel 2 : De la manne (p. 236–239) [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?cote=pharma_000056&p=305&do=page (Digitalisat)].] – [[Nicolas Lemery]]. ''Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples ...'' 1699.[[[Nicolas Lemery]]. ''Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples, contenant leurs noms, origines, choix, principes, vertus, étymologies, et ce qu’il y a de particulier dans les animaux, dans les végétaux et dans les minéraux'', Laurent d'Houry, Paris, 1699, pp. 470–471: Manna [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?cote=20798&p=490&do=page (Digitalisat)].] – [[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]] 1717[[[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]]. ''Traité de la matière médicale, ou l'Histoire et l'usage des médicamens et leur analyse chymique, avec les noms des plantes en latin et en françois, leurs vertus, leurs doses et les compositions où on les employe.'' Edited by M. Besnier, L. d'Houry, Paris 1717. vol I, p. 28–37 [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?cote=pharma_032249x01&p=103&do=page (Digitalisat)].] – Pomet – Lémery – Tournefort[''A compleat history of drugs, written in French by Monsieur Pomet ... To which is added what is further observable on the same subject from Mess. Lémery and Tournefort ... Done into English from the originals''. Third edition, London 1737, p. 173 ff. [[iarchive:compleathistoryo00pome/page/173|(Digitalisat)]].] |
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* ''Lettere del signor abate Domenico Sestini ...'' 1780.[Domenico Sestini. ''Lettere del signor abate Domenico Sestini''. Florenz 1780, vol. 2, pp. 176–192 [[iarchive:bub gb eF71ZECnAQUC/page/n181|(Digitalisat)]].] – [[Jean-Pierre Houël]]. ''Voyage pittoresque des isles de Sicile ...'' 1782.[[[Jean-Pierre Houël]]. ''Voyage pittoresque des isles de Sicile, de Malte et de Lipari: Où l'on traite des Antiquités qui s'y trouvent encore] ; des principaux Phénomènes que la Nature y offre ; du Costume de Habitans, & de quelques Usages''. Paris 1782, vol. I, Kapitel 6, pp. 52–53 [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/houel1782bd1/0064/image (Digitalisat)]; Abb. No 32: [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/houel1782bd1/0213/image (Digitalisat)] |
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* ''Lettere del signor abate Domenico Sestini ...'' 1780.[Domenico Sestini. ''Lettere del signor abate Domenico Sestini''. Florenz 1780, vol. 2, pp. 176–192 [[iarchive:bub gb eF71ZECnAQUC/page/n181|(Digitalisat)]].] – [[Jean-Pierre Houël]]. ''Voyage pittoresque des isles de Sicile ...'' 1782.[[[Jean-Pierre Houël]]. ''Voyage pittoresque des isles de Sicile, de Malte et de Lipari: Où l'on traite des Antiquités qui s'y trouvent encore; des principaux Phénomènes que la Nature y offre; du Costume de Habitans, & de quelques Usages''. Paris 1782, vol. I, Kapitel 6, pp. 52–53 [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/houel1782bd1/0064/image (Digitalisat)]; Abb. No 32: [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/houel1782bd1/0213/image (Digitalisat)]] |
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* [[Johann Andreas Murray]]. ''Apparatus Medicaminum ...'' 1784.[[[Johann Andreas Murray]]. ''Apparatus Medicaminum Tam Simplicium Quam Praeparatorum Et Compositorum In Praxeos Adiumentum Consideratus''. Dieterich, Göttingen 1784, vol. III, pp. 535–541 Fraxinus excelsior ({{Digitalisat|MDZ=10287788_00545}}), pp. 542–561: Fraxinus ornus – Manna vel Manna calabrina ({{Digitalisat|MDZ=10287788_00552}}).] |
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* [[Johann Andreas Murray]]. ''Apparatus Medicaminum ...'' 1784.[[[Johann Andreas Murray]]. ''Apparatus Medicaminum Tam Simplicium Quam Praeparatorum Et Compositorum In Praxeos Adiumentum Consideratus''. Dieterich, Göttingen 1784, vol. III, pp. 535–541 Fraxinus excelsior ({{Digitalisat|MDZ=10287788_00545}}), pp. 542–561: Fraxinus ornus – Manna vel Manna calabrina ({{Digitalisat|MDZ=10287788_00552}}).] |
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* [[William Cullen]]. ''A treatise of the materia medica ...'' 1789.[[[William Cullen]]. ''A treatise of the materia medica.'' 2 Bände. Charles Elliot, Edinburgh 1789, vol. II, pp. 508–510: Manna ({{Digitalisat|MDZ=10226635_00516}}).] |
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* [[William Cullen]]. ''A treatise of the materia medica ...'' 1789.[[[William Cullen]]. ''A treatise of the materia medica.'' 2 Bände. Charles Elliot, Edinburgh 1789, vol. II, pp. 508–510: Manna ({{Digitalisat|MDZ=10226635_00516}}).] |
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==Further reading== |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book |last=Arthur |first=James |year=2000 |title=Mushrooms and Mankind: The Impact of Mushrooms on Human Consciousness and Religion |location=Escondido, California |publisher=Book Tree |isbn=1-58509-151-0 |language=en-us}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Arthur |first=James |year=2000 |title=Mushrooms and Mankind: The Impact of Mushrooms on Human Consciousness and Religion |location=Escondido, California |publisher=Book Tree |isbn=1-58509-151-0 |language=en-us}} |
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* Corliss, William R. ''Tornados, Dark Days, Anomalous Precipitation, and related weather phenomena'' (The Sourcebook Project, 1983), pp. 52–54, GWF5: ''The Fall of Manna''. |
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* Corliss, William R. ''Tornados, Dark Days, Anomalous Precipitation, and related weather phenomena'' (The Sourcebook Project, 1983), pp. 52–54, GWF5: ''The Fall of Manna''. |
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* Hager, Steven. [https://stevenhager.net/2015/03/05/mana-is-cannabis/ "Manna Is Cannabis Seed Flour"]. The Tin Whistle. |
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* Hager, Steven. [https://stevenhager.net/2015/03/05/mana-is-cannabis/ "Manna Is Cannabis Seed Flour"]. The Tin Whistle. |
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* {{cite book |last=Heinrich |first=Clark |year=2002 |title=Magic Mushrooms in Religion and Alchemy |publisher=Park Street Press |location=Rochester, Vermont |isbn=0-89281-997-9 |language=en-us}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Heinrich |first=Clark |year=2002 |title=Magic Mushrooms in Religion and Alchemy |publisher=Park Street Press |location=Rochester, Vermont |isbn=0-89281-997-9 |language=en-us}} |
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