Linguasphere Observatory

{{Short description|Transnational linguistic research network}}

{{Short description|Transnational linguistic research network}}

The '''Linguasphere Observatory''' (or '''the Observatoire''', based on its original French and legal title: ''Observatoire Linguistique'') is a non-profit transnational [[research network]], devoted (alongside related programs) to the gathering, study, classification, editing and free distribution online of the updatable text (initially in English) of a fully indexed and comprehensive ''Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages, and Speech Communities.''

The '''Linguasphere Observatory''' (or '''the Observatoire''', based on its original French and legal title: ''Observatoire Linguistique'') is a non-profit transnational [[research network]], devoted (alongside related programs) to the gathering, study, classification, editing and free distribution online of the updatable text (initially in English) of a fully indexed and comprehensive ''Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages, and Speech Communities.''

==History==

==History==

The Observatoire was created in [[Quebec]] in 1983 and was subsequently established and registered in [[Normandy]] as a non-profit association under the honorary presidency of the late [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], a French-language poet and the first president of [[Senegal]]. Its founding director is David Dalby, former director of the [[International African Institute]] and emeritus reader in the [[University of London]], and its first research secretary was Philippe Blanchet, a Provençal-language poet currently serving as Professor of [[Sociolinguistics]] at the University of Rennes. Since 2010, the deputy director and webmaster of the Observatoire has been Pierrick le Feuvre, with the chairman of its research council being Roland Breton, emeritus professor at the [[University of Paris]] VIII. The Observatoire's research hub is currently based in the preserved county of Dyfed, Wales and, in the European Union, in [[Normandy]], France. Its title in [[Welsh language|Welsh]] is '''Wylfa Ieithoedd''', literally the "Observatory (of) languages", together with its publishing program (in Cymraeg or "Welsh" = cy. '''Gwasg y Byd Iaith''', i.e. "Press (of) the World (of) Language").

The Observatoire was created in [[Quebec]] in 1983 and was subsequently established and registered in [[Normandy]] as a non-profit association under the honorary presidency of the late [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], a French-language poet and the first president of [[Senegal]]. Its founding director is [[David Dalby]], former director of the [[International African Institute]] and emeritus reader in the [[University of London]], and its first research secretary was [[Philippe Blanchet]], a Provençal-language poet currently serving as Professor of [[Sociolinguistics]] at the [[University of Rennes]]. Since 2010, the deputy director and webmaster of the Observatoire has been Pierrick le Feuvre, with the chairman of its research council being [[Roland Breton]], emeritus professor at the [[University of Paris]] VIII. The Observatoire's research hub is currently based in the preserved county of [[Dyfed]], Wales and, in the European Union, in [[Normandy]], France. Its title in [[Welsh language|Welsh]] is '''Wylfa Ieithoedd''', literally the "Observatory (of) languages", together with its publishing program (in Cymraeg or "Welsh" = cy. '''Gwasg y Byd Iaith''', i.e. "Press (of) the World (of) Language").

The Observatoire has developed an innovative scheme of [[Philology|philological]] classification, coding all living and recorded languages within a global referential framework or "linguascale". This Linguascale Framework uses a decimal structure (see below) to record both genetic and geographic categories of relationship (termed ''phylozones'' and ''geozones'', respectively).

The Observatoire developed an innovative scheme of [[Philology|philological]] classification, coding all living and recorded languages within a global referential framework or "linguascale". This Linguascale Framework uses a decimal structure (see below) to record both genetic and geographic categories of relationship (termed ''phylozones'' and ''geozones'', respectively).

In 1999/2000, the Observatoire published its first 2-volume ''Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities''.David Dalby, with David Barrett & Michael Mann, ''Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities'', Gwasg y Byd Iaith for Observatoire linguistique: Hebron, Wales, 1999–2000 (vol.1) {{ISBN|0-9532919-1-X}} & (vol. 2) {{ISBN|0-9532919-2-8}} Reviews were published by [[Edward J. Vajda]] in ''Language'' and by Anthony P. Grant in ''Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society''.See reviews of the ''Linguasphere Register'' by [[Edward J. Vajda]] in ''Language'' (Linguistic Society of America), Vol.77, 3 (Sept. 2001) pp. 606–608, and by Anthony P.Grant in ''Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society'' (June 1, 2003).

In 1999/2000, the Observatoire published its first 2-volume ''Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities''.David Dalby, with David Barrett & Michael Mann, ''Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities'', Gwasg y Byd Iaith for Observatoire linguistique: Hebron, Wales, 1999–2000 (vol.1) {{ISBN|0-9532919-1-X}} & (vol. 2) {{ISBN|0-9532919-2-8}} Reviews were published by [[Edward J. Vajda]] in ''Language'' and by Anthony P. Grant in ''Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society''.See reviews of the ''Linguasphere Register'' by [[Edward J. Vajda]] in ''Language'' (Linguistic Society of America), Vol.77, 3 (Sept. 2001) pp. 606–608, and by Anthony P.Grant in ''Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society'' (June 1, 2003).

The Observatoire has now prepared a revised edition of the Linguasphere Register from 2010, the first of a projected series of regular updates at 10-year intervals. The current edition [http://linguasphere.info (LS-2010)], comprising substantial materials from the foundation edition of 2000, is published online from 2011 as a freely available public resource and an online data-base, compiled and co-ordinated by David Dalby and Pierrick le Feuvre. Provision is made for the online gathering of additional and improved data, and for the open discussion of proposals and criticisms.

The Observatoire prepared a revised edition of the Linguasphere Register from 2010, the first of a projected series of regular updates at 10-year intervals. The current edition [http://linguasphere.info (LS-2010)], comprising substantial materials from the foundation edition of 2000, is published online from 2011 as a freely available public resource and an online data-base, compiled and co-ordinated by David Dalby and Pierrick le Feuvre. Provision is made for the online gathering of additional and improved data, and for the open discussion of proposals and criticisms.

From 2001 until December 2005, the Linguasphere Observatory was actively involved in collaboration with the British Standards Institution [[BSI Group]] and with [[ISO/TC 37]]in the design and development of a four-letter (alpha-4) code covering—potentially—every recorded language variety in the world. The Observatoire was not, however, associated with or responsible for the final [[ISO 639-6]] standard which was a partial result of this collaboration, approved and published by ISO in 2009. It is the policy of the Observatoire that its on-going independent work on language coding should also be complementary to and supportive of the ISO 639 international standards,

From 2001 until December 2005, the Linguasphere Observatory was actively involved in collaboration with the British Standards Institution [[BSI Group]] and with [[ISO/TC 37]]in the design and development of a four-letter (alpha-4) code covering—potentially—every recorded language variety in the world. The Observatoire was not, however, associated with or responsible for the final [[ISO 639-6]] standard which was a partial result of this collaboration, approved and published by ISO in 2009. It is the policy of the Observatoire that its on-going independent work on language coding should also be complementary to and supportive of the ISO 639 international standards,

The Observatoire expresses its praise and gratitude to the parallel pioneering work of Barbara Grimes, with her husband Joseph, in her position - based in Hawaii until her retirement from 1996 - as the creative Editor of the Summer Institute of Linguistics' ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World.''

==The Linguasphere Register and Linguascale referential framework==

==The Linguasphere Register and Linguascale referential framework==

The ''Linguascale'' framework is a referential system covering all languages, as published in the ''Linguasphere Register'' in 2000 and subsequently refined in 2010. It comprises a flexible coding formula which seeks to situate each language and dialect within the totality of the world's living and recorded languages, having regard to ongoing linguistic research.

The ''Linguascale'' framework is a referential system covering all languages, as published in the ''Linguasphere Register'' in 2000 and subsequently refined in 2010. It comprises a flexible coding formula which seeks to situate each language and dialect within the totality of the world's living and recorded languages, having regard to ongoing linguistic research.

Thanks to continued support from Canada, the exhibition was subsequently presented by the Observatoire in Belgium and England, at the Palais des Congrès in [[Liège]] and at the [[Commonwealth Institute]] in London in 1990, and finally in Australia, at [[Old Parliament House, Canberra]] in May 1991.

Thanks to continued support from Canada, the exhibition was subsequently presented by the Observatoire in Belgium and England, at the Palais des Congrès in [[Liège]] and at the [[Commonwealth Institute]] in London in 1990, and finally in Australia, at [[Old Parliament House, Canberra]] in May 1991.

In the context of the need to design a plurilingual framework of ethics for a future planetary society, the Observatoire has announced its intention to return to the transnational theme of ''Magna Carta'' in 2015, on the occasion of the 8th centenary of the signing of its formal Latin version at [[Runnymede]] in 2020.

In the context of the need to design a plurilingual framework of ethics for a future planetary society, the Observatoire announced its intention to return to the transnational theme of ''Magna Carta'' in 2015, on the occasion of the 8th centenary of the signing of its formal Latin version at [[Runnymede]] in 2020.

== "In the galaxy of languages, each person's voice is a star" ==

== "In the galaxy of languages, each person's voice is a star" ==