Juba

==History==

==History==

Under the [[Khedivate of Egypt]], Juba served as the southernmost garrison of the [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] army, quartering only a handful of soldiers. Disease was common; soldiers often fell ill due to the [[malaria]], [[meningitis]] and [[blackwater fever]] that was prevalent in the region. Explorers and campaigners [[Samuel Baker]] and [[Florence Baker]] used the nearby island of [[Gondokoro]] as a base during their expeditions to what is now [[South Sudan]] and northern [[Uganda]] from 1863 to 1865 and 1871 to 1873.Shipman, Pat. ''To The Heart of the Nile: Lady Florence Baker and the Exploration of Central Africa''

Under the [[Khedivate of Egypt]], Juba served as the southernmost garrison of the [[Egyptian Army]], quartering only a handful of soldiers. Disease was common; soldiers often fell ill due to the [[malaria]], [[meningitis]] and [[blackwater fever]] that was prevalent in the region. Explorers and campaigners [[Samuel Baker]] and [[Florence Baker]] used the nearby island of [[Gondokoro]] as a base during their expeditions to what is now [[South Sudan]] and northern [[Uganda]] from 1863 to 1865 and 1871 to 1873.Shipman, Pat. ''To The Heart of the Nile: Lady Florence Baker and the Exploration of Central Africa''

The present city of Juba was established on the site of a small [[Bari people|Bari]] village, also called Juba,{{cite journal |last=Richardson |first=J.N. |date=1933 |title=Bari Notes |journal=Sudan Notes & Records |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=181–186 }} where the [[Church Missionary Society]] (CMS) had established a mission and the Nugent Memorial Intermediate School in 1920–21.{{cite web |last=Keen |first=Rosemary |title=Church Missionary Society Archive, General Introduction and Guide to the Archive |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/church_missionary_society_archive_general/editorial%20introduction%20by%20rosemary%20keen.aspx |website=ampltd.co.uk |publisher=Adam Matthew Publications, Pelham House |date=n.d. |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120160137/http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/church_missionary_society_archive_general/editorial%20introduction%20by%20rosemary%20keen.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite book |last=Nalder |first=Leonard F. |title=Equatorial province handbook |publisher=Anglo-Egyptian Sudan government memoranda |date=1936 |oclc=3450641 }}{{cite book |title=Day of devastation, day of contentment: the history of the Sudanese church across 2000 years Volume 10 of Faith in Sudan |last=Werner |first=Roland |date=2000 |publisher=Paulines Publications Africa |isbn=9966215298 |display-authors=etal }} In the late 1920s, [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian officials]] ordered Bari residents to relocate so that a new town could be constructed to serve as the capital of [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla Province]].{{cite book |last=Badiey |first=Naseem |title=The State of Post-conflict Reconstruction: Land, Urban Development and State Building in Juba, Southern Sudan |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |date=2014 |page=38 }} The site was chosen by Anglo-Egyptian officials partly because of the presence of the CMS Nugent Memorial Intermediate School there, and partly because its proximity to river transportation on the [[Nile]].{{cite journal |last=Shuichiro |first=Nakao |title=A History from Below: Malakia in Juba, South Sudan, c. 1927-1954 |journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies |volume=31 |pages=139–160 |date=2013 }}{{cite web |last=Tuttle |first=Brendan |title=To the Juba Wharf |url=https://jubainthemaking.com/to-the-juba-wharf/ |website=Juba in the Making |date=2021 |access-date=19 July 2021 }} Major construction of the new city of Juba was underway by 1927. Traders from [[Rejaf]] relocated to the new city in 1929, and the Governor's office of Mongalla was moved there in 1930.{{cite journal |first=Nakao |last=Shuichiro |title=A History from Below: Malakia in Juba, South Sudan, c. 1927-1954 |journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies |volume=31 |pages=139–160 |date=2013 }}{{cite web |author= |title=Juba in the Making |url=https://jubainthemaking.com/ |website=jubainthemaking.com |publisher=L'Humanité, Le Monde Afrique, & Internazionale |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723201208/https://jubainthemaking.com/ |url-status=live }}

The present city of Juba was established on the site of a small [[Bari people|Bari]] village, also called Juba,{{cite journal |last=Richardson |first=J.N. |date=1933 |title=Bari Notes |journal=Sudan Notes & Records |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=181–186 }} where the [[Church Missionary Society]] (CMS) had established a mission and the Nugent Memorial Intermediate School in 1920–21.{{cite web |last=Keen |first=Rosemary |title=Church Missionary Society Archive, General Introduction and Guide to the Archive |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/church_missionary_society_archive_general/editorial%20introduction%20by%20rosemary%20keen.aspx |website=ampltd.co.uk |publisher=Adam Matthew Publications, Pelham House |date=n.d. |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120160137/http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/church_missionary_society_archive_general/editorial%20introduction%20by%20rosemary%20keen.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite book |last=Nalder |first=Leonard F. |title=Equatorial province handbook |publisher=Anglo-Egyptian Sudan government memoranda |date=1936 |oclc=3450641 }}{{cite book |title=Day of devastation, day of contentment: the history of the Sudanese church across 2000 years Volume 10 of Faith in Sudan |last=Werner |first=Roland |date=2000 |publisher=Paulines Publications Africa |isbn=9966215298 |display-authors=etal }} In the late 1920s, [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian officials]] ordered Bari residents to relocate so that a new town could be constructed to serve as the capital of [[Mongalla, South Sudan|Mongalla Province]].{{cite book |last=Badiey |first=Naseem |title=The State of Post-conflict Reconstruction: Land, Urban Development and State Building in Juba, Southern Sudan |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |date=2014 |page=38 }} The site was chosen by Anglo-Egyptian officials partly because of the presence of the CMS Nugent Memorial Intermediate School there, and partly because its proximity to river transportation on the [[Nile]].{{cite journal |last=Shuichiro |first=Nakao |title=A History from Below: Malakia in Juba, South Sudan, c. 1927-1954 |journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies |volume=31 |pages=139–160 |date=2013 }}{{cite web |last=Tuttle |first=Brendan |title=To the Juba Wharf |url=https://jubainthemaking.com/to-the-juba-wharf/ |website=Juba in the Making |date=2021 |access-date=19 July 2021 }} Major construction of the new city of Juba was underway by 1927. Traders from [[Rejaf]] relocated to the new city in 1929, and the Governor's office of Mongalla was moved there in 1930.{{cite journal |first=Nakao |last=Shuichiro |title=A History from Below: Malakia in Juba, South Sudan, c. 1927-1954 |journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies |volume=31 |pages=139–160 |date=2013 }}{{cite web |author= |title=Juba in the Making |url=https://jubainthemaking.com/ |website=jubainthemaking.com |publisher=L'Humanité, Le Monde Afrique, & Internazionale |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723201208/https://jubainthemaking.com/ |url-status=live }}