Jōmon people

==== Modern groups ====

==== Modern groups ====

[[File:Yamamoto Tasuke.jpg|thumb|The Ainu are among the modern groups displaying the highest amounts of Jōmon-derived ancestry.]]

[[File:Yamamoto Tasuke.jpg|thumb|The Ainu are among the modern groups displaying the highest amounts of Jōmon-derived ancestry.]]

The [[Ainu people|Ainu]] have the highest proportion of Jōmon ancestry among modern populations, estimated at up to 70%, followed by the [[Ryukyuans|Ryukyuan]]/Okinawan people at around 30%, and mainland Japanese at approximately 10–20%. Overall, Jōmon ancestry peaks in the northernmost and southernmost parts of Japan (Hokkaido and Okinawa, respectively), followed by [[Tōhoku region|Tohoku]] and [[Kantō region|Kanto]]. Residents of [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]], [[Kantō region|Kantō]], and [[Kyushu|Kyūshū]] show closer genetic affinities with [[Ryukyuans]]. Genetic relatedness between the Ainu and mainland Japanese is likewise strong in western [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidō]] and [[Aomori]]. It is also believed that mainland Japanese primarily derive their Jōmon ancestry from western Jōmon populations. Conversely, Jōmon ancestry is the lowest in [[Kansai region|Kinki]] and [[Shikoku]], where Yayoi ancestry is more dominant. {{Cite web |title=日本人のルーツ「縄文人」とは？ |url=https://app.zene360.com/free/anc/jomon/article/shinoda/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=app.zene360.com}}{{Cite web |title=縄文人と渡来人の混血史から日本列島人の地域的多様性の起源を探る |url=https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/info/8252/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=東京大学 大学院理学系研究科・理学部 |language=ja}}{{Cite journal |last1=Adachi |first1=Noboru |last2=Kakuda |first2=Tsuneo |last3=Takahashi |first3=Ryohei |last4=Kanzawa-Kiriyama |first4=Hideaki |last5=Shinoda |first5=Ken-ichi |date=2017 |title=Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=165 |issue=1 |pages=139–148 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23338 |pmc=5765509 |pmid=29023628}} Yamamoto et al. 2024 found a wide range of Jōmon ancestry within different Japanese subgroups, ranging from 10–32%. According to a 2025 study, mainland Japanese derive ~20% of their ancestry from Jōmon peoples and are especially close to Early and Middle Jōmon specimens from Kumamoto and Tokyo respectively.

The [[Ainu people|Ainu]] have the highest proportion of Jōmon ancestry among modern populations, estimated at up to 70%, followed by the [[Ryukyuans|Ryukyuan]]/Okinawan people at around 30%, and mainland Japanese at approximately 10–20%. Overall, Jōmon ancestry peaks in the northernmost and southernmost parts of Japan (Hokkaido and Okinawa, respectively), followed by [[Tōhoku region|Tohoku]] and [[Kantō region|Kanto]]. Residents of [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]], [[Kantō region|Kantō]], and [[Kyushu|Kyūshū]] show closer genetic affinities with [[Ryukyuans]]. Genetic relatedness between the Ainu and mainland Japanese is likewise strong in western [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidō]] and [[Aomori]]. It is also believed that mainland Japanese primarily derive their Jōmon ancestry from western Jōmon populations. Conversely, Jōmon ancestry is the lowest in [[Kansai region|Kinki]] and [[Shikoku]], where Yayoi ancestry is more dominant.{{Cite web |title=日本人のルーツ「縄文人」とは？ |url=https://app.zene360.com/free/anc/jomon/article/shinoda/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=app.zene360.com}}{{Cite web |title=縄文人と渡来人の混血史から日本列島人の地域的多様性の起源を探る |url=https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/info/8252/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=東京大学 大学院理学系研究科・理学部 |language=ja}}{{Cite journal |last1=Adachi |first1=Noboru |last2=Kakuda |first2=Tsuneo |last3=Takahashi |first3=Ryohei |last4=Kanzawa-Kiriyama |first4=Hideaki |last5=Shinoda |first5=Ken-ichi |date=2017 |title=Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=165 |issue=1 |pages=139–148 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23338 |pmc=5765509 |pmid=29023628}} Yamamoto et al. 2024 found a wide range of Jōmon ancestry within different Japanese subgroups, ranging from 10–32%. According to a 2025 study, mainland Japanese derive ~20% of their ancestry from Jōmon peoples and are especially close to Early and Middle Jōmon specimens from Kumamoto and Tokyo respectively.

In modern Koreans, Jōmon ancestry is present at about 5%.{{cite book |last1=Bennett |first1=Andrew E. |title=Reconstructing the Human Population History of East Asia through Ancient Genomics |last2=Liu |first2=Yichen |last3=Fu |first3=Qiaomei |date=2025 |isbn=978-1-009-24667-5 |doi=10.1017/9781009246675}}{{pn|date=October 2025}} Jōmon-related ancestry is also present in several Siberian (particularly in the [[Ulch people|Ulchi]] at 7% and [[Nivkh people|Nivkh]] at 10%) and Southeast Asian groups.{{cite journal |last1=McColl |first1=Hugh |last2=Racimo |first2=Fernando |last3=Vinner |first3=Lasse |last4=Demeter |first4=Fabrice |last5=Gakuhari |first5=Takashi |last6=Moreno-Mayar |first6=J. Víctor |last7=van Driem |first7=George |last8=Gram Wilken |first8=Uffe |last9=Seguin-Orlando |first9=Andaine |last10=de la Fuente Castro |first10=Constanza |last11=Wasef |first11=Sally |last12=Shoocongdej |first12=Rasmi |last13=Souksavatdy |first13=Viengkeo |last14=Sayavongkhamdy |first14=Thongsa |last15=Saidin |first15=Mohd Mokhtar |date=6 July 2018 |title=The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia |url=https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/344873217/343042905_oa.pdf |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6397 |pages=88–92 |bibcode=2018Sci...361...88M |doi=10.1126/science.aat3628 |hdl=10072/383365 |pmid=29976827 |hdl-access=free |last16=Allentoft |first16=Morten E. |last17=Sato |first17=Takehiro |last18=Malaspinas |first18=Anna-Sapfo |last19=Aghakhanian |first19=Farhang A. |last20=Korneliussen |first20=Thorfinn |last21=Prohaska |first21=Ana |last22=Margaryan |first22=Ashot |last23=de Barros Damgaard |first23=Peter |last24=Kaewsutthi |first24=Supannee |last25=Lertrit |first25=Patcharee |last26=Nguyen |first26=Thi Mai Huong |last27=Hung |first27=Hsiao-chun |last28=Minh Tran |first28=Thi |last29=Nghia Truong |first29=Huu |last30=Nguyen |first30=Giang Hai |last31=Shahidan |first31=Shaiful |last32=Wiradnyana |first32=Ketut |last33=Matsumae |first33=Hiromi |last34=Shigehara |first34=Nobuo |last35=Yoneda |first35=Minoru |last36=Ishida |first36=Hajime |last37=Masuyama |first37=Tadayuki |last38=Yamada |first38=Yasuhiro |last39=Tajima |first39=Atsushi |last40=Shibata |first40=Hiroki |last41=Toyoda |first41=Atsushi |last42=Hanihara |first42=Tsunehiko |last43=Nakagome |first43=Shigeki |last44=Deviese |first44=Thibaut |last45=Bacon |first45=Anne-Marie |last46=Duringer |first46=Philippe |last47=Ponche |first47=Jean-Luc |last48=Shackelford |first48=Laura |last49=Patole-Edoumba |first49=Elise |last50=Nguyen |first50=Anh Tuan |last51=Bellina-Pryce |first51=Bérénice |last52=Galipaud |first52=Jean-Christophe |last53=Kinaston |first53=Rebecca |last54=Buckley |first54=Hallie |last55=Pottier |first55=Christophe |last56=Rasmussen |first56=Simon |last57=Higham |first57=Tom |last58=Foley |first58=Robert A. |last59=Lahr |first59=Marta Mirazón |last60=Orlando |first60=Ludovic |last61=Sikora |first61=Martin |last62=Phipps |first62=Maude E. |last63=Oota |first63=Hiroki |last64=Higham |first64=Charles |last65=Lambert |first65=David M. |last66=Willerslev |first66=Eske}}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Tianyi |last2=Yang |first2=Melinda A. |last3=Zhu |first3=Zhonghua |last4=Ma |first4=Minmin |last5=Shi |first5=Han |last6=Speidel |first6=Leo |last7=Min |first7=Rui |last8=Yuan |first8=Haibing |last9=Jiang |first9=Zhilong |last10=Hu |first10=Changcheng |last11=Li |first11=Xiaorui |last12=Zhao |first12=Dongyue |last13=Bai |first13=Fan |last14=Cao |first14=Peng |last15=Liu |first15=Feng |date=29 May 2025 |title=Prehistoric genomes from Yunnan reveal ancestry related to Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers |url=https://hal.science/hal-05093879 |journal=Science |volume=388 |issue=6750 |bibcode=2025Sci...388q9792W |doi=10.1126/science.adq9792 |pmid=40440384 |article-number=eadq9792 |last16=Dai |first16=Qingyan |last17=Feng |first17=Xiaotian |last18=Yang |first18=Ruowei |last19=Wu |first19=Xiaohong |last20=Liu |first20=Xu |last21=Zhang |first21=Ming |last22=Ping |first22=Wanjing |last23=Liu |first23=Yichen |last24=Wan |first24=Yang |last25=Yang |first25=Fan |last26=Zhou |first26=Ranchao |last27=Kang |first27=Lihong |last28=Dong |first28=Guanghui |last29=Stoneking |first29=Mark |last30=Fu |first30=Qiaomei}}

In modern Koreans, Jōmon ancestry is present at about 5%.{{cite book |last1=Bennett |first1=Andrew E. |title=Reconstructing the Human Population History of East Asia through Ancient Genomics |last2=Liu |first2=Yichen |last3=Fu |first3=Qiaomei |date=2025 |isbn=978-1-009-24667-5 |doi=10.1017/9781009246675}}{{pn|date=October 2025}} Jōmon-related ancestry is also present in several Siberian (particularly in the [[Ulch people|Ulchi]] at 7% and [[Nivkh people|Nivkh]] at 10%) and Southeast Asian groups.{{cite journal |last1=McColl |first1=Hugh |last2=Racimo |first2=Fernando |last3=Vinner |first3=Lasse |last4=Demeter |first4=Fabrice |last5=Gakuhari |first5=Takashi |last6=Moreno-Mayar |first6=J. Víctor |last7=van Driem |first7=George |last8=Gram Wilken |first8=Uffe |last9=Seguin-Orlando |first9=Andaine |last10=de la Fuente Castro |first10=Constanza |last11=Wasef |first11=Sally |last12=Shoocongdej |first12=Rasmi |last13=Souksavatdy |first13=Viengkeo |last14=Sayavongkhamdy |first14=Thongsa |last15=Saidin |first15=Mohd Mokhtar |date=6 July 2018 |title=The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia |url=https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/344873217/343042905_oa.pdf |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6397 |pages=88–92 |bibcode=2018Sci...361...88M |doi=10.1126/science.aat3628 |hdl=10072/383365 |pmid=29976827 |hdl-access=free |last16=Allentoft |first16=Morten E. |last17=Sato |first17=Takehiro |last18=Malaspinas |first18=Anna-Sapfo |last19=Aghakhanian |first19=Farhang A. |last20=Korneliussen |first20=Thorfinn |last21=Prohaska |first21=Ana |last22=Margaryan |first22=Ashot |last23=de Barros Damgaard |first23=Peter |last24=Kaewsutthi |first24=Supannee |last25=Lertrit |first25=Patcharee |last26=Nguyen |first26=Thi Mai Huong |last27=Hung |first27=Hsiao-chun |last28=Minh Tran |first28=Thi |last29=Nghia Truong |first29=Huu |last30=Nguyen |first30=Giang Hai |last31=Shahidan |first31=Shaiful |last32=Wiradnyana |first32=Ketut |last33=Matsumae |first33=Hiromi |last34=Shigehara |first34=Nobuo |last35=Yoneda |first35=Minoru |last36=Ishida |first36=Hajime |last37=Masuyama |first37=Tadayuki |last38=Yamada |first38=Yasuhiro |last39=Tajima |first39=Atsushi |last40=Shibata |first40=Hiroki |last41=Toyoda |first41=Atsushi |last42=Hanihara |first42=Tsunehiko |last43=Nakagome |first43=Shigeki |last44=Deviese |first44=Thibaut |last45=Bacon |first45=Anne-Marie |last46=Duringer |first46=Philippe |last47=Ponche |first47=Jean-Luc |last48=Shackelford |first48=Laura |last49=Patole-Edoumba |first49=Elise |last50=Nguyen |first50=Anh Tuan |last51=Bellina-Pryce |first51=Bérénice |last52=Galipaud |first52=Jean-Christophe |last53=Kinaston |first53=Rebecca |last54=Buckley |first54=Hallie |last55=Pottier |first55=Christophe |last56=Rasmussen |first56=Simon |last57=Higham |first57=Tom |last58=Foley |first58=Robert A. |last59=Lahr |first59=Marta Mirazón |last60=Orlando |first60=Ludovic |last61=Sikora |first61=Martin |last62=Phipps |first62=Maude E. |last63=Oota |first63=Hiroki |last64=Higham |first64=Charles |last65=Lambert |first65=David M. |last66=Willerslev |first66=Eske}}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Tianyi |last2=Yang |first2=Melinda A. |last3=Zhu |first3=Zhonghua |last4=Ma |first4=Minmin |last5=Shi |first5=Han |last6=Speidel |first6=Leo |last7=Min |first7=Rui |last8=Yuan |first8=Haibing |last9=Jiang |first9=Zhilong |last10=Hu |first10=Changcheng |last11=Li |first11=Xiaorui |last12=Zhao |first12=Dongyue |last13=Bai |first13=Fan |last14=Cao |first14=Peng |last15=Liu |first15=Feng |date=29 May 2025 |title=Prehistoric genomes from Yunnan reveal ancestry related to Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers |url=https://hal.science/hal-05093879 |journal=Science |volume=388 |issue=6750 |bibcode=2025Sci...388q9792W |doi=10.1126/science.adq9792 |pmid=40440384 |article-number=eadq9792 |last16=Dai |first16=Qingyan |last17=Feng |first17=Xiaotian |last18=Yang |first18=Ruowei |last19=Wu |first19=Xiaohong |last20=Liu |first20=Xu |last21=Zhang |first21=Ming |last22=Ping |first22=Wanjing |last23=Liu |first23=Yichen |last24=Wan |first24=Yang |last25=Yang |first25=Fan |last26=Zhou |first26=Ranchao |last27=Kang |first27=Lihong |last28=Dong |first28=Guanghui |last29=Stoneking |first29=Mark |last30=Fu |first30=Qiaomei}}