Icemaker

In 1748, the first known artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow.{{Cite news|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm|title=The History of the Refrigerator and Freezers|newspaper=About.com Money|access-date=2016-12-10|archive-date=2020-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531033655/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-refrigerator-and-freezers-4072564|url-status=dead}} Mr. Cullen never used his discovery for any practical purposes. This may be the reason why the history of the icemakers begins with [[Oliver Evans]], an American inventor who designed the first refrigeration machine in 1805. In 1834, [[Jacob Perkins]] built the first practical refrigerating machine using ether in a vapor compression cycle. The American inventor, mechanical engineer and physicist received 21 American and 19 English patents (for innovations in steam engines, the printing industry and gun manufacturing among others) and is considered today the father of the refrigerator.{{Cite web|url=https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/jacob-perkins|title=Jacob Perkins: Inventor of the Bathometer & Pleometer|last=Mark|first=Crawford|date=June 2012|website=asme.org|access-date=2017-03-28}}

In 1748, the first known artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow.{{Cite news|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm|title=The History of the Refrigerator and Freezers|newspaper=About.com Money|access-date=2016-12-10|archive-date=2020-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531033655/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-refrigerator-and-freezers-4072564|url-status=dead}} Mr. Cullen never used his discovery for any practical purposes. This may be the reason why the history of the icemakers begins with [[Oliver Evans]], an American inventor who designed the first refrigeration machine in 1805. In 1834, [[Jacob Perkins]] built the first practical refrigerating machine using ether in a vapor compression cycle. The American inventor, mechanical engineer and physicist received 21 American and 19 English patents (for innovations in steam engines, the printing industry and gun manufacturing among others) and is considered today the father of the refrigerator.{{Cite web|url=https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/jacob-perkins|title=Jacob Perkins: Inventor of the Bathometer & Pleometer|last=Mark|first=Crawford|date=June 2012|website=asme.org|access-date=2017-03-28}}

In 1844, an American physician, [[John Gorrie]], built a refrigerator based on Oliver Evans' design to make ice to cool the air for his yellow fever patients.{{Cite web|url=https://physics.info/refrigerators/|title=Refrigerators|website=The Physics Hypertextbook|last=Elert|first=Glenn|access-date=4 June 2018}} His plans date back to 1842, making him one of the founding fathers of the refrigerator. Unfortunately for John Gorrie, his plans of manufacturing and selling his invention were met with fierce opposition by [[Frederic Tudor]], the Boston “Ice King”. By then, Tudor was shipping ice from the United States to Cuba and was planning to expand his business to India. Fearing that Gorrie’s invention would ruin his business, he began a smear campaign against the inventor. In 1851, John Gorrie was awarded U.S. Patent 8080 for an ice machine.[https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080 Improved process for the artificial production of ice], Google Patents. Accessed September 3, 2023. After struggling with Tudor's campaign and the death of his partner, John Gorrie also died, bankrupt and humiliated. His original icemaker plans and the prototype machine are held today at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.edu/object/nmah_846192|title=Gorrie Ice Machine, Patent Model|website=Smithsonian|access-date=2017-03-30}}

In 1844, an American physician, [[John Gorrie]], built a refrigerator based on Oliver Evans' design to make ice to cool the air for his yellow fever patients.{{Cite web|url=https://physics.info/refrigerators/|title=Refrigerators|website=The Physics Hypertextbook|last=Elert|first=Glenn|access-date=4 June 2018}} His plans date back to 1842, making him one of the founding fathers of the refrigerator. Unfortunately for John Gorrie, his plans of manufacturing and selling his invention were met with fierce opposition by [[Frederic Tudor]], the Boston “Ice King”. By then, Tudor was shipping ice from the United States to Cuba and was planning to expand his business to India. Fearing that Gorrie's invention would ruin his business, he began a smear campaign against the inventor. In 1851, John Gorrie was awarded U.S. Patent 8080 for an ice machine.[https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080 Improved process for the artificial production of ice], Google Patents. Accessed September 3, 2023. After struggling with Tudor's campaign and the death of his partner, John Gorrie also died, bankrupt and humiliated. His original icemaker plans and the prototype machine are held today at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.edu/object/nmah_846192|title=Gorrie Ice Machine, Patent Model|website=Smithsonian|access-date=2017-03-30}}

In 1853, [[Alexander Twining]] was awarded [https://patents.google.com/patent/US10221 ''U.S. Patent 10221''] for an icemaker. Twining’s experiments led to the development of the first commercial refrigeration system, built in 1856. He also established the first artificial method of producing ice. Just like Perkins before him, James Harrison started experimenting with ether vapor compression. In 1854, [[James Harrison (engineer)|James Harrison]] successfully built a refrigeration machine capable of producing 3,000 kilograms of ice per day and in 1855 he received an icemaker patent in Australia, similar to that of Alexander Twining. Harrison continued his experiments with refrigeration. Today he is credited for his major contributions to the development of modern cooling system designs and functionality strategies. These systems were later used to ship refrigerated meat across the globe.

In 1853, [[Alexander Twining]] was awarded [https://patents.google.com/patent/US10221 ''U.S. Patent 10221''] for an icemaker. Twining's experiments led to the development of the first commercial refrigeration system, built in 1856. He also established the first artificial method of producing ice. Just like Perkins before him, James Harrison started experimenting with ether vapor compression. In 1854, [[James Harrison (engineer)|James Harrison]] successfully built a refrigeration machine capable of producing 3,000 kilograms of ice per day and in 1855 he received an icemaker patent in Australia, similar to that of Alexander Twining. Harrison continued his experiments with refrigeration. Today he is credited for his major contributions to the development of modern cooling system designs and functionality strategies. These systems were later used to ship refrigerated meat across the globe.

In 1867, Andrew Muhl built an ice-making machine in [[San Antonio, Texas]], to help service the expanding beef industry before moving it to Waco in 1871.{{cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dqr01|title=Refrigeration|work=tshaonline.org|access-date=6 April 2015}} In 1873, the patent for this machine was contracted by the Columbus Iron Works,{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19270604&id=pw9PAAAAIBAJ&pg=6841,3361295|title=(Title obscured in source) |work=St. Petersburg Times|date=June 4, 1927|access-date=6 April 2015}} which produced the world's first commercial icemakers. William Riley Brown served as its president and George Jasper Golden served as its superintendent.

In 1867, Andrew Muhl built an ice-making machine in [[San Antonio, Texas]], to help service the expanding beef industry before moving it to Waco in 1871.{{cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dqr01|title=Refrigeration|work=tshaonline.org|access-date=6 April 2015}} In 1873, the patent for this machine was contracted by the Columbus Iron Works,{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19270604&id=pw9PAAAAIBAJ&pg=6841,3361295|title=(Title obscured in source) |work=St. Petersburg Times|date=June 4, 1927|access-date=6 April 2015}} which produced the world's first commercial icemakers. William Riley Brown served as its president and George Jasper Golden served as its superintendent.