Heqin

Apr 20, 2026 - 23:48
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Heqin

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{{Short description|Historical practices of royal marriage alliances in China}}
{{Short description|Historical practices of imperial marriage alliances in China}}
{{italic title}}
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{{infobox Chinese
{{infobox Chinese
|t={{linktext|和親}} |s={{linktext|和亲}} |w=Ho-ch‘in |p=Héqīn |l={{nowrap|peace marriage}}
| t = {{linktext|和親}}
| s = {{linktext|和亲}}
| w = Ho-ch‘in
| p = Héqīn
| l = {{nowrap|"Peace marriage"}}
}}
}}
'''''Heqin''''', also known as '''marriage alliance''', refers to the historical practice of [[Chinese sovereign|Chinese monarchs]] marrying princesses—usually members of minor branches of the ruling family—to rulers of neighboring states.{{sfnb|Slobodník|2006|p=268}} It was often adopted as an [[appeasement]] strategy with an enemy state that was too powerful to defeat on the battlefield. The policy was not always effective. It implied an equal diplomatic status between the two monarchs. As a result, it was controversial and had many critics.{{sfnb|Slobodník|2006|p=268}}
'''''Heqin''''', also known as '''marriage alliance''', refers to the historical practice of [[Chinese sovereign|Chinese monarchs]] marrying princesses — usually members of minor branches of the ruling family — to rulers of neighboring states.{{sfnb|Slobodník|2006|p=268}} It was often adopted as an [[appeasement]] strategy with an enemy state that was too powerful to defeat on the battlefield. The policy was not always effective. It implied an equal diplomatic status between the two monarchs. As a result, it was controversial and had many critics.{{sfnb|Slobodník|2006|p=268}}


[[Lou Jing]], the author of the policy, proposed granting the eldest daughter of [[Emperor Gaozu of Han]] to [[Modu Chanyu]] of the [[Xiongnu]]. His proposal was adopted and implemented with a treaty in 198{{nbsp}}BC, following the [[Battle of Baideng]] two years prior.{{sfnp|Di Cosmo|2004|p=193}}{{cite web |url=http://www.historyshanghai.com/admin/WebEdit/UploadFile/9702rcm.pdf |author=Rui Chuanming (芮传明) |script-title=zh:古代和亲利弊论 |language=zh |access-date=18 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084544/http://www.historyshanghai.com/admin/WebEdit/UploadFile/9702rcm.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2014 }} [[Wang Zhaojun]], of the [[Han dynasty]], and [[Princess Wencheng]], of the [[Tang dynasty]], are among the most famous heqin princesses.
[[Lou Jing]], the author of the policy, proposed granting the eldest daughter of [[Emperor Gaozu of Han]] to [[Modu Chanyu]] of the [[Xiongnu]]. His proposal was adopted and implemented with a treaty in 198{{nbsp}}BC, following the [[Battle of Baideng]] two years prior.{{sfnp|Di Cosmo|2004|p=193}}{{cite web |url=http://www.historyshanghai.com/admin/WebEdit/UploadFile/9702rcm.pdf |author=Rui Chuanming (芮传明) |script-title=zh:古代和亲利弊论 |language=zh |access-date=18 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084544/http://www.historyshanghai.com/admin/WebEdit/UploadFile/9702rcm.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2014 }} [[Wang Zhaojun]] of the [[Han dynasty]] and [[Princess Wencheng]] of the [[Tang dynasty]] are among the most famous heqin princesses.


The 20th-century scholar Wang Tonglin praised heqin for facilitating the "melting of races" in China.{{sfnb|Bulag|2002|p=83}}
The 20th-century scholar Wang Tonglin praised heqin for facilitating the "melting of races" in China.{{sfnb|Bulag|2002|p=83}}
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