Green Hackworth

Hackworth objected to Pell's plans to introduce a new category of crimes to indict the Nazis for, namely [[crimes against humanity]], as legally wrong.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=174-175}} Hackworth especially objected to Pell's plans for American courts to prosecute Nazi officials for crimes against German citizens both before and during the war as violations of international law.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=175}} He felt that having international courts prosecute the officials of a government for crimes against its people would create an unwanted precedent for international courts to prosecute American officials for their treatment of black Americans.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=174-175}} Hackworth noted under that Pell's definition of crimes against humanity as being state-sanctioned violence against a group for ethnic, religious or racial reasons that American officials could very well be indicted for tolerating the lynching of American blacks, and should be stopped for just that reason alone.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=174}} Like the Secretary of State, [[Cordell Hull]], Hackworth was from the South and both Hull and Hackworth supported white supremacy.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=173}} At the Dumbarton Oaks conference, Hackworth had drafted resolutions for the post-war world on behalf of the United States government that nominally condemned racism and colonialism, but were so carefully phased in such vapid and banal language as to be legally ineffective.{{sfn|Mouralis|2021|p=120}}

Hackworth objected to Pell's plans to introduce a new category of crimes to indict the Nazis for, namely [[crimes against humanity]], as legally wrong.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=174-175}} Hackworth especially objected to Pell's plans for American courts to prosecute Nazi officials for crimes against German citizens both before and during the war as violations of international law.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=175}} He felt that having international courts prosecute the officials of a government for crimes against its people would create an unwanted precedent for international courts to prosecute American officials for their treatment of black Americans.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=174-175}} Hackworth noted under that Pell's definition of crimes against humanity as being state-sanctioned violence against a group for ethnic, religious or racial reasons that American officials could very well be indicted for tolerating the lynching of American blacks, and should be stopped for just that reason alone.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=174}} Like the Secretary of State, [[Cordell Hull]], Hackworth was from the South and both Hull and Hackworth supported white supremacy.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=173}} At the Dumbarton Oaks conference, Hackworth had drafted resolutions for the post-war world on behalf of the United States government that nominally condemned racism and colonialism, but were so carefully phased in such vapid and banal language as to be legally ineffective.{{sfn|Mouralis|2021|p=120}}

In a memo he wrote in November 1944 for [[John J. McCloy]], the assistant war secretary, Hackworth stated that Pell was wrong to seek to "exact punishment for the maltreatment by a foreign state within its own territory" of its nationals in both peacetime and wartime.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=175}} Hackworth concluded that Pell's plans were an "unwarranted interference in the domestic affairs of a foreign nation" and should be stopped immediately.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=175}} In late 1944, Hackworth along with the Acting Secretary of State [[Joseph Grew]] played a key role in having Pell fired by excluding Pell's salary from the State Department's request for its budget to Congress for the 1945 fiscal year.{{sfn|Plesch|2010|p=110}} Hackworth guessed correctly that most members of Congress would not notice that Pell's position was not included in the budget for 1945 and would just for the budget without reading it in its entirety. As Pell's position was not provided in the 1945 budget, he accordingly ceased to work for the State Department.{{sfn|Plesch|2010|p=110}}

In a memo he wrote in November 1944 for [[John J. McCloy]], the assistant war secretary, Hackworth stated that Pell was wrong to seek to "exact punishment for the maltreatment by a foreign state within its own territory" of its nationals in both peacetime and wartime.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=175}} Hackworth concluded that Pell's plans were an "unwarranted interference in the domestic affairs of a foreign nation" and should be stopped immediately.{{sfn|Cox|2019|p=175}} In late 1944, Hackworth along with the Acting Secretary of State [[Joseph Grew]] played a key role in having Pell fired by excluding Pell's salary from the State Department's request for its budget to Congress for the 1945 fiscal year.{{sfn|Plesch|2010|p=110}} Hackworth guessed correctly that most members of Congress would not notice that Pell's position was not included in the budget for 1945 and would just vote for the budget without reading it in its entirety. As Pell's position was not provided in the 1945 budget, he accordingly ceased to work for the State Department.{{sfn|Plesch|2010|p=110}}

===Dumbarton Oaks Conference===

===Dumbarton Oaks Conference===