Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)

The Greek campaign was launched primarily because the western [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], particularly British prime minister [[David Lloyd George]], had promised Greece territorial gains at the expense of the [[Ottoman Empire]], recently defeated in [[World War I]]. Greek claims stemmed from the fact that [[Asia Minor Greeks|Western Anatolia]] had been part of [[Ancient Greece]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]] before the Turks conquered the area in the 12th–15th centuries. The armed conflict started when the Greek forces landed in [[Smyrna]] (now [[İzmir]]), on 15 May 1919. They advanced inland and took control of the western and northwestern part of Anatolia, including the cities of [[Manisa]], [[Balıkesir]], [[Aydın]], [[Kütahya]], [[Bursa]], and [[Eskişehir]]. Their advance was checked by Turkish forces at the [[Battle of the Sakarya]] in 1921. The Greek front collapsed with the [[Great Offensive|Turkish counter-attack]] in August 1922, and the war effectively ended with the [[Turkish capture of Smyrna|recapture of Smyrna]] by Turkish forces and the [[great fire of Smyrna]].

The Greek campaign was launched primarily because the western [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], particularly British prime minister [[David Lloyd George]], had promised Greece territorial gains at the expense of the [[Ottoman Empire]], recently defeated in [[World War I]]. Greek claims stemmed from the fact that [[Asia Minor Greeks|Western Anatolia]] had been part of [[Ancient Greece]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]] before the Turks conquered the area in the 12th–15th centuries. The armed conflict started when the Greek forces landed in [[Smyrna]] (now [[İzmir]]), on 15 May 1919. They advanced inland and took control of the western and northwestern part of Anatolia, including the cities of [[Manisa]], [[Balıkesir]], [[Aydın]], [[Kütahya]], [[Bursa]], and [[Eskişehir]]. Their advance was checked by Turkish forces at the [[Battle of the Sakarya]] in 1921. The Greek front collapsed with the [[Great Offensive|Turkish counter-attack]] in August 1922, and the war effectively ended with the [[Turkish capture of Smyrna|recapture of Smyrna]] by Turkish forces and the [[great fire of Smyrna]].

As a result, the Greek government accepted the demands of the Turkish National Movement and returned to its pre-war borders, thus leaving [[Eastern Thrace]] and Western Anatolia to Turkey. The Allies abandoned the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] to negotiate a new treaty at Lausanne with the Turkish National Movement. The [[Treaty of Lausanne]] recognized the independence of the Republic of Turkey and its sovereignty over Anatolia, Constantinople, now [[Istanbul]], and Eastern [[Thrace]]. The Greek and Turkish governments agreed to engage in [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey|a population exchange]].

As a result, the Greek government accepted the demands of the Turkish National Movement and returned to its pre-war borders, thus leaving [[Eastern Thrace]] and Western Anatolia to Turkey. The Allies abandoned the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] to negotiate a new treaty at Lausanne with the Turkish National Movement. The [[Treaty of Lausanne]] recognized the independence of the Republic of Turkey and its sovereignty over Anatolia, [[Istanbul]], and Eastern [[Thrace]]. The Greek and Turkish governments agreed to engage in [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey|a population exchange]].

==Background==

==Background==