Gallo (winery)

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Gallo (winery)

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← Previous revision Revision as of 13:41, 20 April 2026
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'''GALLO''' (also stylized '''Gallo''', previously '''E. & J. Gallo Winery''') is an [[United States|American]] [[wine]] producer and [[Distribution (marketing)|distributor]], headquartered in [[Modesto, California|Modesto]], [[California|California.]] The company was founded in 1933 by [[Ernest Gallo]] and [[Julio Gallo]] of the [[Gallo family]] and primarily produces California wines. It reported an annual revenue of $5.3 billion.{{cite book | editor-first= Jancis | editor-link= Jancis Robinson | editor-last= Robinson | title= [[The Oxford Companion to Wine]] | edition= 3rd | page= [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc/page/296 296] | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] | year= 2006 | isbn= 0-19-860990-6 }}{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/ej-gallo-winery/|title=E&J Gallo Winery on the Forbes America's Largest Private Companies List|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en}} It is the largest [[family-owned]] winery in the United States.{{cite web | title= Gallo Glass Company: Top of the glass | first= Ruari | last= McCallion | work= The Manufacturer | url= http://www.themanufacturer.com/us/profile/4124/ | access-date= December 31, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110610231846/http://www.themanufacturer.com/us/profile/4124/ | archive-date= June 10, 2011 }}
'''GALLO''' (also stylized '''Gallo''', previously '''E. & J. Gallo Winery''') is an [[United States|American]] [[wine]] producer and [[Distribution (marketing)|distributor]], headquartered in [[Modesto, California|Modesto]], [[California|California.]] The company was founded in 1933 by [[Ernest Gallo]] and [[Julio Gallo]] of the [[Gallo family]] and primarily produces California wines. It reported an annual revenue of $5.3 billion.{{cite book | editor-first= Jancis | editor-link= Jancis Robinson | editor-last= Robinson | title= [[The Oxford Companion to Wine]] | edition= 3rd | page= [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc/page/296 296] | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] | year= 2006 | isbn= 0-19-860990-6 }}{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/ej-gallo-winery/|title=E&J Gallo Winery on the Forbes America's Largest Private Companies List|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en}} It is the largest family-owned winery in the United States.{{cite web | title= Gallo Glass Company: Top of the glass | first= Ruari | last= McCallion | work= The Manufacturer | url= http://www.themanufacturer.com/us/profile/4124/ | access-date= December 31, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110610231846/http://www.themanufacturer.com/us/profile/4124/ | archive-date= June 10, 2011 }}
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The winery was established in the fall of 1933, following the repeal of Prohibition. Their [[starting capital]] was less than $6,000 ($152,240 in 2026), with $5,000 of that borrowed by Ernest from his mother-in-law, Teresa Franzia.{{cite web |title=Meet The Immigrant Woman Who Launched Franzia, The World's Largest-Volume Wine Brand |website=[[Forbes]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721035730/https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizthach/2022/03/03/the-immigrant-woman-who-launched-the-worlds-largest-volume-wine-brand--franzia/?sh=3b398e637eee |archive-date=2023-07-21 |url-status=live |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizthach/2022/03/03/the-immigrant-woman-who-launched-the-worlds-largest-volume-wine-brand--franzia/?sh=3b398e637eee}} The brothers studied commercial [[oenology]] by reading pre-Prohibition pamphlets published by the [[University of California]], which they retrieved from the basement of the Modesto Public Library.{{cite news|title=Reinventing Gallo |last=Zimmerman |first=Lisa|date=November–December 2004 |work=Market Watch |pages=1–14}} Julio focused on the production of wine, and Ernest on its sale.Kim Kowsky, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-03-mn-30639-story.html "Winemaker Julio Gallo Dies in Car Crash"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 3 May 1993 Early operations were resource-intensive, utilizing a single tractor operated on consecutive 12-hour shifts. In the first year of activity, the brothers produced 177,000 gallons of wine.
The winery was established in the fall of 1933, following the repeal of Prohibition. Their [[starting capital]] was less than $6,000 ($152,240 in 2026), with $5,000 of that borrowed by Ernest from his mother-in-law, Teresa Franzia.{{cite web |title=Meet The Immigrant Woman Who Launched Franzia, The World's Largest-Volume Wine Brand |website=[[Forbes]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721035730/https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizthach/2022/03/03/the-immigrant-woman-who-launched-the-worlds-largest-volume-wine-brand--franzia/?sh=3b398e637eee |archive-date=2023-07-21 |url-status=live |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizthach/2022/03/03/the-immigrant-woman-who-launched-the-worlds-largest-volume-wine-brand--franzia/?sh=3b398e637eee}} The brothers studied commercial [[oenology]] by reading pre-Prohibition pamphlets published by the [[University of California]], which they retrieved from the basement of the Modesto Public Library.{{cite news|title=Reinventing Gallo |last=Zimmerman |first=Lisa|date=November–December 2004 |work=Market Watch |pages=1–14}} Julio focused on the production of wine, and Ernest on its sale.Kim Kowsky, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-03-mn-30639-story.html "Winemaker Julio Gallo Dies in Car Crash"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 3 May 1993 Early operations were resource-intensive, utilizing a single tractor operated on consecutive 12-hour shifts. In the first year of activity, the brothers produced 177,000 gallons of wine.


In 1957, E. & J. Gallo began to sell [[Fortified wine|fortified]] white wine, [[Thunderbird (wine)|Thunderbird]]. In 1962, E. & J. Gallo launched the one-gallon finger-ringed jug of wine, Red Mountain (later Carlo Rossi Red Mountain), named after a winery above Oakdale that closed during Prohibition.{{cite web |last1=Dent |first1=Bryan |title=The King of the Jug Wines |url=https://brutalhammer.com/the-king-of-the-jug-wines/ |website=The Brutal Hammer of Truth |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=July 13, 2015}}{{cite news |last1=Sbrandti |first1=J.N. |title=Ernest Gallo: In his own words |url=https://www.modbee.com/latest-news/article3097030.html |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=[[The Modesto Bee]] |date=March 9, 2007}} Later, the US market began to move away from lower-cost wines. Ernest and Julio introduced brand management practices to wine marketing and established long-term grower contracts for varietal grapes and grape research programs. The company built a foreign sales and marketing operation to export [[California]] wines overseas. The company's 1960s advertisements were made to associate their US-made wines with Europe's fine wine regions.[https://americanhistory.si.edu/food/wine-table/e-j-gallo "Food: Transforming the American Table 1950–2000"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112215150/https://americanhistory.si.edu/food/wine-table/e-j-gallo |date=2020-11-12 }}, Americanhistory.si.edu
In 1957, E. & J. Gallo began to sell [[Fortified wine|fortified]] white wine, [[Thunderbird (wine)|Thunderbird]]. In 1962, E. & J. Gallo launched the one-gallon finger-ringed jug of wine, Red Mountain (later Carlo Rossi Red Mountain), named after a winery above Oakdale that closed during Prohibition.{{cite web |last1=Dent |first1=Bryan |title=The King of the Jug Wines |url=https://brutalhammer.com/the-king-of-the-jug-wines/ |website=The Brutal Hammer of Truth |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=July 13, 2015}}{{cite news |last1=Sbrandti |first1=J.N. |title=Ernest Gallo: In his own words |url=https://www.modbee.com/latest-news/article3097030.html |access-date=13 March 2021 |work=[[The Modesto Bee]] |date=March 9, 2007}} Later, the US market began to move away from lower-cost wines. Ernest and Julio introduced brand management practices to wine marketing and established long-term grower contracts for varietal grapes and grape research programs. The company built a foreign sales and marketing operation to export California wines overseas. The company's 1960s advertisements were made to associate their US-made wines with Europe's fine wine regions.[https://americanhistory.si.edu/food/wine-table/e-j-gallo "Food: Transforming the American Table 1950–2000"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112215150/https://americanhistory.si.edu/food/wine-table/e-j-gallo |date=2020-11-12 }}, Americanhistory.si.edu


During the 1980s and 1990s, E. & J. Gallo bought wine labels from [[Europe]] and [[Australia]]. By 1993, E. & J. Gallo was the country's largest winery, with a 25% share of the American wine market.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/25/obituaries/amelia-franzia-gallo-wine-maker-s-wife-83.html |title= Amelia Franzia Gallo; Wine Maker's Wife, 83|department= Obituaries |work= The New York Times |date=December 25, 1993 |access-date=2012-11-02| quote=She began working as secretary and janitor in the fledgling Gallo family business shortly after Ernest and Julio Gallo started the E. & J. Gallo Winery in Modesto in 1933. Today, the company is the nation's largest winery, with more than a quarter of the American wine market.}} Julio Gallo died in a car accident on 2 May 1993. Ernest died in 2007, and his son Joe Gallo took over the company as CEO.[https://www.winespectator.com/anniversary/leaders/id/Gallo-family "The Gallo Family"], ''[[Wine Spectator]]''
During the 1980s and 1990s, E. & J. Gallo bought wine labels from Europe and [[Australia]]. By 1993, E. & J. Gallo was the country's largest winery, with a 25% share of the American wine market.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/25/obituaries/amelia-franzia-gallo-wine-maker-s-wife-83.html |title= Amelia Franzia Gallo; Wine Maker's Wife, 83|department= Obituaries |work= The New York Times |date=December 25, 1993 |access-date=2012-11-02| quote=She began working as secretary and janitor in the fledgling Gallo family business shortly after Ernest and Julio Gallo started the E. & J. Gallo Winery in Modesto in 1933. Today, the company is the nation's largest winery, with more than a quarter of the American wine market.}} Julio Gallo died in a car accident on 2 May 1993. Ernest died in 2007, and his son Joe Gallo took over the company as CEO.[https://www.winespectator.com/anniversary/leaders/id/Gallo-family "The Gallo Family"], ''[[Wine Spectator]]''


In 2002, E. & J. Gallo purchased the [[Louis M. Martini Winery]], giving the company its first [[Napa Valley AVA|Napa Valley]] location.{{cite news|url=https://www.guildsomm.com/public_content/features/articles/b/kelli-white/posts/louis-m-martini-winery|title=Legacy in Flux: The Louis M. Martini Winery Through Time|last=White|first=Kelli|date=June 27, 2019|work=Guildsomm|access-date=4 May 2022}} On September 14, 2007, [[Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia]] announced a partnership with E. & J. Gallo Winery to produce a brand of wine labeled "Martha Stewart Vintage".{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/stewart-to-market-15-wine-2503356.php|title=Stewart to market $15 wine / Gallo will make Sonoma County varietals for label|access-date=January 1, 2010|date=September 15, 2007|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}} In 2011, E. & J. Gallo sold Hornsby's [[hard cider]] to the [[C&C Group]] for an undisclosed amount [https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cc-buys-hornsbys-hard-cider-from-e--j-gallo-winery-133439468.html "C&C Buys Hornsby's Hard Cider From E. & J. Gallo Winery"] (press release), PR Newswire, 8 November 2011 and partnered with [[Boisset Collection]] to purchase the [[Robert Mondavi|Mondavi]] estate.Jennifer Huffman, [https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/boisset-gallo-buy-mondavi-estate/article_8ed8f546-268a-11e1-b9a7-0019bb2963f4.html "Boisset/Gallo buy Mondavi estate"], ''[[Napa Valley Register]]'', 14 December 2011 In 2017, E. & J. Gallo Winery bought the Napa Valley Stagecoach vineyard.[https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/gallo-buys-napas-stagecoach-vineyard/article_621307ad-a186-5dac-a737-6cc9acc8eca9.html "Gallo buys Napa's Stagecoach Vineyard"], ''[[Napa Valley Register]]'', 23 March 2017
In 2002, E. & J. Gallo purchased the [[Louis M. Martini Winery]], giving the company its first [[Napa Valley AVA|Napa Valley]] location.{{cite news|url=https://www.guildsomm.com/public_content/features/articles/b/kelli-white/posts/louis-m-martini-winery|title=Legacy in Flux: The Louis M. Martini Winery Through Time|last=White|first=Kelli|date=June 27, 2019|work=Guildsomm|access-date=4 May 2022}} On September 14, 2007, [[Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia]] announced a partnership with E. & J. Gallo Winery to produce a brand of wine labeled "Martha Stewart Vintage".{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/stewart-to-market-15-wine-2503356.php|title=Stewart to market $15 wine / Gallo will make Sonoma County varietals for label|access-date=January 1, 2010|date=September 15, 2007|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}} In 2011, E. & J. Gallo sold Hornsby's [[hard cider]] to the [[C&C Group]] for an undisclosed amount [https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cc-buys-hornsbys-hard-cider-from-e--j-gallo-winery-133439468.html "C&C Buys Hornsby's Hard Cider From E. & J. Gallo Winery"] (press release), PR Newswire, 8 November 2011 and partnered with [[Boisset Collection]] to purchase the [[Robert Mondavi|Mondavi]] estate.Jennifer Huffman, [https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/boisset-gallo-buy-mondavi-estate/article_8ed8f546-268a-11e1-b9a7-0019bb2963f4.html "Boisset/Gallo buy Mondavi estate"], ''[[Napa Valley Register]]'', 14 December 2011 In 2017, E. & J. Gallo Winery bought the Napa Valley Stagecoach vineyard.[https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/gallo-buys-napas-stagecoach-vineyard/article_621307ad-a186-5dac-a737-6cc9acc8eca9.html "Gallo buys Napa's Stagecoach Vineyard"], ''[[Napa Valley Register]]'', 23 March 2017
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