Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)

| date = 19 May 1635 – 7 November 1659

| date = 19 May 1635 – 7 November 1659

| place = Northern [[France]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spanish Netherlands]], [[Northern Italy]], the [[Rhineland]], [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Atlantic Ocean]]

| place = Northern [[France]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spanish Netherlands]], [[Northern Italy]], the [[Rhineland]], [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[Atlantic Ocean]]

| territory = France annexes [[County of Artois|Artois]], [[Northern Catalonia|Roussillon]] and other smaller territories along the [[Spanish Netherlands|Flemish]] border

| territory = France annexes [[County of Artois|Artois]], [[Thionville]], [[Gravelines]], [[Northern Catalonia]], [[French Hainaut]] and parts of [[Luxembourg]]

| result = [[Treaty of the Pyrenees]]

| result = [[Treaty of the Pyrenees]]

| combatant1 = '''Phase I: 1635–1648'''
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}}
{{flagcountry|Dutch Republic}}
{{flagicon|Duchy of Savoy}} [[Savoyard state|Savoy]]
{{flagicon|Mantua}} [[Duchy of Mantua|Mantua]]
[[File:Ducado_de_Modena_(antes_de_1830).svg|23px]] [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio|Modena and Reggio]]{{efn|1647 to 1649}}
{{flag|Duchy of Parma|name=Parma}}
'''Phase II: 1648–1659'''
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}}
{{flagicon|Duchy of Savoy}} [[Savoyard state|Savoy]]
[[File:Ducado_de_Modena_(antes_de_1830).svg|23px]] [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio|Modena and Reggio]]{{efn|1655 to 1659}}
{{flagicon|Commonwealth of England}} [[Commonwealth of England|England]]{{efn|1657 to 1659}}

| combatant1 = '''Phase I: 1635–1648'''
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}}
{{flagcountry|Dutch Republic}}
{{flagicon|Duchy of Savoy}} [[Savoyard state|Savoy]]
{{flagicon|Mantua}} [[Duchy of Mantua|Mantua]]
[[File:Ducado_de_Modena_(antes_de_1830).svg|23px]] [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio|Modena and Reggio]]{{efn|1647 to 1649}}
{{flag|Duchy of Parma|name=Parma}}
'''Phase II: 1648–1659'''
{{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}}
{{flagicon|Duchy of Savoy}} [[Savoyard state|Savoy]]
[[File:Ducado_de_Modena_(antes_de_1830).svg|23px]] [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio|Modena and Reggio]]{{efn|1655 to 1659}}
{{flagicon|Commonwealth of England}} [[Commonwealth of England|England]]{{efn|1657 to 1659}}

[[Image:Diego Velázquez 030b.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|[[Maria Theresa of Spain]], whose marriage to Louis XIV was part of the peace negotiations]]

[[Image:Diego Velázquez 030b.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|[[Maria Theresa of Spain]], whose marriage to Louis XIV was part of the peace negotiations]]

The Treaty of the Pyrenees was traditionally viewed as ultimately deciding the war in favour of Louis XIV, with France replacing Spain as the predominant European power.{{sfn|Darby|2015|p=66}}{{sfn|Collins|1995|p=61}} Modern analyses tend to suggest a more balanced outcome, with some arguing neither side emerged as a clear victor.{{sfn|Darby|2015|p=66}}{{cite web |last=Valladares |first=Rafael |title=Haro sin Mazarino. España y el fin del «orden de los Pirineos» en 1661 |url=https://www.academia.edu/111747988/Haro_sin_Mazarino_Espa%C3%B1a_y_el_fin_del_orden_de_los_Pirineos_en_1661 |website=Academia.edu |language=Spanish |date=2009 |publisher= Pedralbes Revista d'Historia Moderna |page=344}} Experts from either perspective view the conflict as militarily indecisive, with both sides stuck in an ensuing stalemate pattern from 1637 to 1659.{{sfn|Parrott|2001|pp=77-78}}{{sfn|Collins|1995|p=62}}

The Treaty of the Pyrenees was traditionally viewed as ultimately deciding the war in favour of Louis XIV, with France replacing Spain as the predominant European power.{{sfn|Darby|2015|p=66}}{{sfn|Collins|1995|p=61}} Modern analyses tend to suggest a more balanced outcome, with some arguing neither side emerged as a clear victor.{{sfn|Darby|2015|p=66}}{{cite web |last=Valladares |first=Rafael |title=Haro sin Mazarino. España y el fin del «orden de los Pirineos» en 1661 |url=https://www.academia.edu/111747988/Haro_sin_Mazarino_Espa%C3%B1a_y_el_fin_del_orden_de_los_Pirineos_en_1661 |website=Academia.edu |language=Spanish |date=2009 |publisher= Pedralbes Revista d'Historia Moderna |page=344}}

Historians have overwhelming supported the concept that France achieved a successful outcome to the conflict through military action.{{sfn|Parrott|2006|pp=31}} Recently, a number of experts from either perspective on the result of the treaty, view the conflict as militarily indecisive, with both sides stuck in an ensuing stalemate pattern from 1637 to 1659.{{sfn|Parrott|2001|pp=77-78}}{{sfn|Collins|1995|p=62}}

The treaty has also been seen as a major foreign policy success for Mazarin, although he was forced to accept less satisfactory terms than were available in November 1647.{{sfn|Wilson|2009|p=846 (PDF)}} One view is that Spain escaped surprisingly lightly considering its position post-war, despite having achieved worse terms than what was offered in 1656.J.H Elliot (2002), Imperial Spain 1469-1716, p.235 (PDF)

The treaty has also been seen as a major foreign policy success for Mazarin, although he was forced to accept less satisfactory terms than were available in November 1647.{{sfn|Wilson|2009|p=846 (PDF)}} One view is that Spain escaped surprisingly lightly considering its position post-war, despite having achieved worse terms than what was offered in 1656.J.H Elliot (2002), Imperial Spain 1469-1716, p.235 (PDF)