Dunnock

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Dunnock

Territoriality: ce

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==Territoriality==
==Territoriality==
Dunnocks are territorial and may engage in conflict with other birds that encroach upon their nests. Males sometimes share a territory and exhibit a strict dominance hierarchy. Nevertheless, this social dominance is not translated into benefits to the alpha male in terms of reproduction, since paternity is usually equally shared between males of the group.{{Cite journal|title = Parental care and mating behaviour of polyandrous dunnocks ''Prunella modularis'' related to paternity by DNA fingerprinting| journal=Nature | year=1989 |pages=249–251 | volume=338 | issue=6212 | doi=10.1038/338249a0 | first1=T.| last1= Burke|first2 =N.B. | last2=Davies | first3=M.W.| last3= Bruford | first4=B.J. | last4=Hatchwell | bibcode=1989Natur.338..249B | s2cid=4333938 }}{{Cite journal|title = Conflict and co-operation over sex: the consequences of social and genetic polyandry for reproductive success in dunnocks|journal = Journal of Animal Ecology| year=2015 | issn = 1365-2656|pages = 1509–1519|doi = 10.1111/1365-2656.12432|pmid = 26257043|first1 = Eduardo S. A.|last1 = Santos|first2 = Luana L. S.|last2 = Santos|first3 = Malgorzata|last3 = Lagisz|first4 = Shinichi|last4 = Nakagawa|volume=84|issue = 6|doi-access = free| bibcode=2015JAnEc..84.1509S }} Furthermore, members of a group are rarely related, and so competition can result.{{cite journal | last1=Davies | first1=N. B.| last2=Hartley | fi rst2=I.R. |title=Food patchiness, territory overlap and social systems: an experiment with dunnocks ''Prunella modularis'' |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|year=1996|volume=65|issue=6|pages=837–846|doi=10.2307/5681|jstor=5681| bibcode=1996JAnEc..65..837D}}
Dunnocks are territorial and may engage in conflict with other birds that encroach upon their nests. Males sometimes share a territory and exhibit a strict dominance hierarchy. Nevertheless, this social dominance is not translated into benefits to the alpha male in terms of reproduction, since paternity is usually equally shared between males of the group.{{Cite journal|title = Parental care and mating behaviour of polyandrous dunnocks ''Prunella modularis'' related to paternity by DNA fingerprinting| journal=Nature | year=1989 |pages=249–251 | volume=338 | issue=6212 | doi=10.1038/338249a0 | first1=T.| last1= Burke|first2 =N.B. | last2=Davies | first3=M.W.| last3= Bruford | first4=B.J. | last4=Hatchwell | bibcode=1989Natur.338..249B | s2cid=4333938 }}{{Cite journal|title = Conflict and co-operation over sex: the consequences of social and genetic polyandry for reproductive success in dunnocks|journal = Journal of Animal Ecology| year=2015 | issn = 1365-2656|pages = 1509–1519|doi = 10.1111/1365-2656.12432|pmid = 26257043|first1 = Eduardo S. A.|last1 = Santos|first2 = Luana L. S.|last2 = Santos|first3 = Malgorzata|last3 = Lagisz|first4 = Shinichi|last4 = Nakagawa|volume=84|issue = 6|doi-access = free| bibcode=2015JAnEc..84.1509S }} Furthermore, members of a group are rarely related, and so competition can result.{{cite journal | last1=Davies | first1=N. B.| last2=Hartley | first2=I.R. |title=Food patchiness, territory overlap and social systems: an experiment with dunnocks ''Prunella modularis'' |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|year=1996|volume=65|issue=6|pages=837–846|doi=10.2307/5681|jstor=5681| bibcode=1996JAnEc..65..837D}}


Female territorial ranges are almost always exclusive. However, sometimes, multiple males will co-operate to defend a single territory containing multiple females. Males exhibit a strong [[dominance hierarchy]] within groups: older birds tend to be the dominant males and first-year birds are usually sub-dominant. Studies have found that close male relatives almost never share a territory.
Female territorial ranges are almost always exclusive. However, sometimes, multiple males will co-operate to defend a single territory containing multiple females. Males exhibit a strong [[dominance hierarchy]] within groups: older birds tend to be the dominant males and first-year birds are usually sub-dominant. Studies have found that close male relatives almost never share a territory.
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