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'''Diarrhea''' ([[American English]]), also spelled '''diarrhoea''' or '''diarrhœa''' ([[British English]]), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery [[defecation|bowel movement]]s in a day.[{{cite web|date=2 May 2017|title=Diarrhoeal disease Factsheet|url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease|access-date=29 October 2020|website=World Health Organization|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202300/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease|url-status=live}}] It often lasts for a few days and can result in [[dehydration]] due to fluid loss.[ Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour.][ This can progress to decreased [[urination]], [[pallor|loss of skin color]], a [[tachycardia|fast heart rate]], and a [[Altered level of consciousness|decrease in responsiveness]] as it becomes more severe.][ Loose but non-watery [[feces|stool]]s in babies who are exclusively [[Breastfeeding|breastfed]], however, are normal.] |
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'''Diarrhea''' ([[American English]]), also spelled '''diarrhoea''' or '''diarrhœa''' ([[British English]]), commonly know has '''the runs''', '''the trots''', '''the shits''' or '''the squirts''' ('''squirts''' in the UK), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery [[defecation|bowel movement]]s in a day.[{{cite web|date=2 May 2017|title=Diarrhoeal disease Factsheet|url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease|access-date=29 October 2020|website=World Health Organization|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202300/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease|url-status=live}}] It often lasts for a few days and can result in [[dehydration]] due to fluid loss.[ Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour.][ This can progress to decreased [[urination]], [[pallor|loss of skin color]], a [[tachycardia|fast heart rate]], and a [[Altered level of consciousness|decrease in responsiveness]] as it becomes more severe.][ Loose but non-watery [[feces|stool]]s in babies who are exclusively [[Breastfeeding|breastfed]], however, are normal.] |
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[[file:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm|thumb|What is diarrhea? How is it caused, treated and prevented? (see also [[Wikipedia:VideoWiki/Diarrhea|script]])]]The most common cause is an infection of the [[intestine]]s due to a [[virus]], [[bacterium]], or [[parasite]]—a condition also known as [[gastroenteritis]].[ These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by [[Human feces|feces]], or directly from another person who is infected.][ The three types of diarrhea are: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks, which can be either watery or bloody).][ The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to [[cholera]], although this is rare in the developed world.][ If blood is present, it is also known as [[dysentery]].][ A number of non-infectious causes can result in diarrhea.][ These include [[lactose intolerance]], side effect of [[drug withdrawal]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]], [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]], [[Coeliac disease|celiac disease]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[bile acid diarrhea]], and a number of medications.][{{cite book | veditors = Abdelmalak B, Doyle J |title=Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-01867-9 |pages=282–287}}][{{cite journal | vauthors = Sapone A, Bai JC, Ciacci C, Dolinsek J, Green PH, Hadjivassiliou M, Kaukinen K, Rostami K, Sanders DS, Schumann M, Ullrich R, Villalta D, Volta U, Catassi C, Fasano A | title = Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification | journal = BMC Medicine | volume = 10 | article-number = 13 | date = February 2012 | issue = 1 | pmid = 22313950 | pmc = 3292448 | doi = 10.1186/1741-7015-10-13 | bibcode = 2012BMCM...10...13S | type = Review | doi-access = free }} {{open access}}][{{cite journal | vauthors = Slattery SA, Niaz O, Aziz Q, Ford AC, Farmer AD | title = Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea | journal = Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–11 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25913530 | doi = 10.1111/apt.13227 | s2cid = 34603226 | url = http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86190/3/MANUSCRIPT-REVISED%5B1%5D.pdf | doi-access = free | access-date = 23 September 2019 | archive-date = 9 May 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200509035023/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86190/3/MANUSCRIPT-REVISED%5B1%5D.pdf | url-status = live }}] In most cases, [[Stool test|stool cultures]] to confirm the exact cause are not required. |
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[[file:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm|thumb|What is diarrhea? How is it caused, treated and prevented? (see also [[Wikipedia:VideoWiki/Diarrhea|script]])]]The most common cause is an infection of the [[intestine]]s due to a [[virus]], [[bacterium]], or [[parasite]]—a condition also known as [[gastroenteritis]].[ These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by [[Human feces|feces]], or directly from another person who is infected.][ The three types of diarrhea are: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks, which can be either watery or bloody).][ The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to [[cholera]], although this is rare in the developed world.][ If blood is present, it is also known as [[dysentery]].][ A number of non-infectious causes can result in diarrhea.][ These include [[lactose intolerance]], side effect of [[drug withdrawal]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]], [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]], [[Coeliac disease|celiac disease]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[bile acid diarrhea]], and a number of medications.][{{cite book | veditors = Abdelmalak B, Doyle J |title=Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-01867-9 |pages=282–287}}][{{cite journal | vauthors = Sapone A, Bai JC, Ciacci C, Dolinsek J, Green PH, Hadjivassiliou M, Kaukinen K, Rostami K, Sanders DS, Schumann M, Ullrich R, Villalta D, Volta U, Catassi C, Fasano A | title = Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification | journal = BMC Medicine | volume = 10 | article-number = 13 | date = February 2012 | issue = 1 | pmid = 22313950 | pmc = 3292448 | doi = 10.1186/1741-7015-10-13 | bibcode = 2012BMCM...10...13S | type = Review | doi-access = free }} {{open access}}][{{cite journal | vauthors = Slattery SA, Niaz O, Aziz Q, Ford AC, Farmer AD | title = Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea | journal = Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–11 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25913530 | doi = 10.1111/apt.13227 | s2cid = 34603226 | url = http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86190/3/MANUSCRIPT-REVISED%5B1%5D.pdf | doi-access = free | access-date = 23 September 2019 | archive-date = 9 May 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200509035023/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86190/3/MANUSCRIPT-REVISED%5B1%5D.pdf | url-status = live }}] In most cases, [[Stool test|stool cultures]] to confirm the exact cause are not required. |
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