Al-Hawi
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'''''Kitab al-Hawi''''' or '''''Al-Hawi''''' or '''''Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-ṭibb''''' translated as ''The Comprehensive Book on Medicine'' is an extensive medical encyclopedia authored by the Persian polymath [[Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi]] (865–925), commonly known in the West as [[Rhazes]] in the 10th century. This monumental work is a compendium of Greek, Syrian, and early Arabic medical knowledge, as well as some Indian medical practices.{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kitab-al-hawi | title=Kitāb al-ḥāwī | work by al-Rāzī | Britannica }} |
'''''Kitab al-Hawi''''' or '''''Al-Hawi''''' or '''''Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-ṭibb''''' translated as ''The Comprehensive Book on Medicine'' is an extensive medical encyclopedia authored by the Persian polymath [[Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi]] (865–925), commonly known in the West as [[Rhazes]] in the 10th century. This monumental work is a compendium of [[Ancient Greek medicine|Greek]], Syrian, and early [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|Arabic medical]] knowledge, as well as some [[Ayurveda|Indian medical practices]].{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kitab-al-hawi | title=Kitāb al-ḥāwī | work by al-Rāzī | Britannica }} |
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It was first translated into Latin in 1279 under the title ''Continens'' by [[Faraj ben Salim]], a physician of Sicilian-Jewish origin employed by [[Charles of Anjou]].{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/E2_E4.html#E4 | last1=Savage-Smith |first1=Emilie|author-link=Emilie Savage-Smith|title= Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-ṭibb (The Comprehensive Book on Medicine) |website=Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine|publisher=History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 September 2024}} |
It was first translated into Latin in 1279 under the title ''Continens'' by [[Faraj ben Salim]], a physician of Sicilian-Jewish origin employed by [[Charles of Anjou]].{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/E2_E4.html#E4 | last1=Savage-Smith |first1=Emilie|author-link=Emilie Savage-Smith|title= Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-ṭibb (The Comprehensive Book on Medicine) |website=Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine|publisher=History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 September 2024}} |
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==Historical context and composition== |
==Historical context and composition== |
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The ''Kitab al-Hawi'' was composed around the year 900 and spans 22 volumes. It was later published by the ''Dairat'l-Macarif-il-Osmania'' (Osmania Oriental Publications Bureau) in Hyderabad |
The ''Kitab al-Hawi'' was composed around the year 900 and spans 22 volumes. It was later published by the ''Dairat'l-Macarif-il-Osmania'' (Osmania Oriental Publications Bureau) in [[Hyderabad]], India.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmuTDAAAQBAJ&dq=Kitab+al-Hawi&pg=PA192 | title=Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings | isbn=978-1-315-42976-2 | last1=Daly | first1=Okasha El | date=July 2016 | publisher=Routledge }} |
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==Contents and significance== |
==Contents and significance== |
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The book covers a wide range of medical topics, including [[theoretical medicine|theoretical ]] and |
The book covers a wide range of medical topics, including [[theoretical medicine|theoretical ]] and practical medicine. Al-Razi's approach was notably comprehensive, as he not only included medical knowledge from [[Ancient Greek medicine|Greek]] and Syrian sources but also incorporated insights from [[Ayurveda|Indian medical traditions]]. |
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Al-Razi frequently recommended various treatments, including those that might be considered magical remedies by today's standards. For instance, he addressed conditions such as [[quartan fever]] and recommended specific practices for their treatment.{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/A_History_of_Medicine_Byzantine_and_Isla/q0IIpnov0BsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kitab+al-Hawi&pg=PA355&printsec=frontcover|title=A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic medicine|first=Plinio|last=Prioreschi|date=December 13, 1996|publisher=Horatius Press|via=Google Books}} |
Al-Razi frequently recommended various treatments, including those that might be considered magical remedies by today's standards. For instance, he addressed conditions such as [[quartan fever]] and recommended specific practices for their treatment.{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/A_History_of_Medicine_Byzantine_and_Isla/q0IIpnov0BsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kitab+al-Hawi&pg=PA355&printsec=frontcover|title=A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic medicine|first=Plinio|last=Prioreschi|date=December 13, 1996|publisher=Horatius Press|via=Google Books}} |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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The ''Kitab al-Hawi'' had a profound influence on the development of medical knowledge in the [[medieval Islamic world]] and subsequently in [[Europe]]. It was translated into Latin in the 12th century and became one of the main sources of medical knowledge in [[medieval Europe]].{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/The_Medical_Book/M342EQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kitab+al-Hawi&pg=PT77&printsec=frontcover|title=The Medical Book: From Witch Doctors to Robot Surgeons, 250 Milestones in the History of Medicine|first=Clifford A.|last=Pickover|date=September 4, 2012|publisher=Union Square & Co.|via=Google Books}} |
The ''Kitab al-Hawi'' had a profound influence on the development of medical knowledge in the [[medieval Islamic world]] and subsequently in [[Europe]]. It was translated into Latin in the 12th century and became one of the main sources of medical knowledge in [[medieval Europe]].{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/The_Medical_Book/M342EQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kitab+al-Hawi&pg=PT77&printsec=frontcover|title=The Medical Book: From Witch Doctors to Robot Surgeons, 250 Milestones in the History of Medicine|first=Clifford A.|last=Pickover|date=September 4, 2012|publisher=Union Square & Co.|via=Google Books}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world]] |
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*[[Islamic Golden Age]] |
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*[[Graeco-Arabic translation movement]] |
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*[[Unani medicine#Islamic Golden Age (786–1258)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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