User:Ashleydombrowski05/sandbox

== '''History''' ==

== '''History''' ==

The idea of Volkshalle began through Hitler’s sketches in 1925. The initial sketch of the ''Volkshalle'' shows a “traditional gabled [[Portico|pronaos]] supported by ten columns, a shallow rectangular intermediate block and behind it the domed main building, modeled after Hadrian’s Pantheon” {{Cite book |last=Scobie |first=Alexander |title=Hitler's state architecture: the impact of classical antiquity}}. Hitler and Speer began working on the design proposal in the summer of 1936. Speer was chosen to design most of the monumental buildings for new Berlin and collaborated with Hitler extensively on Volkshalle, also mandated to give Hitler all of the design credit {{Cite book |last=Speer |first=Albert |title=Inside the Third Reich: memoirs |last2=Winston |first2=Richard |last3=Winston |first3=Clara |last4=Davidson |first4=Eugene A. |last5=Speer |first5=Albert |date=1971 |publisher=Avon |isbn=978-0-380-00071-5 |edition=twelfth printing |location=New York, NY}}. Hitler was knowledgeable in architecture because he wanted to be an architect, so he would always visit Speer in his studio to conspire while on break. The building would sit along the cross-shaped boulevard going through Berlin with other new buildings for the remaking of Berlin which caused the relocation of 100,000 Jews and non-Jews {{Cite web |last=Kirchner |first=Stephanie |date=3/4/2008 |title=How Hitler Would Have Rebuilt Berlin |url=https://time.com/archive/6908817/how-hitler-would-have-rebuilt-berlin/}}. Hitler received renderings, models, plans, and sections of Volkshalle on his birthday April 20th, 1937. Partial exterior and interior models were made of wood in 1939 that was 10 ft tall:

The idea of Volkshalle began through Hitler’s sketches in 1925{{Cite book |last=Thies |first=Jochen |title=Hitler's plans for global domination: Nazi architecture and ultimate war aims |date=2012 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-462-1 |edition=English language edition |location=New York |translator-last=Cooke |translator-first=Ian |translator-last2=Friedrich |translator-first2=MaryBeth}}. The initial sketch of the ''Volkshalle'' shows a “traditional gabled [[Portico|pronaos]] supported by ten columns, a shallow rectangular intermediate block and behind it the domed main building, modeled after Hadrian’s Pantheon” {{Cite book |last=Scobie |first=Alexander |title=Hitler's state architecture: the impact of classical antiquity}}. Hitler and Speer began working on the design proposal in the summer of 1936. Speer was chosen to design most of the monumental buildings for new Berlin and collaborated with Hitler extensively on Volkshalle, also mandated to give Hitler all of the design credit {{Cite book |last=Speer |first=Albert |title=Inside the Third Reich: memoirs |last2=Winston |first2=Richard |last3=Winston |first3=Clara |last4=Davidson |first4=Eugene A. |last5=Speer |first5=Albert |date=1971 |publisher=Avon |isbn=978-0-380-00071-5 |edition=twelfth printing |location=New York, NY}}. Hitler was knowledgeable in architecture because he wanted to be an architect, so he would always visit Speer in his studio to conspire while on break. The building would sit along the cross-shaped boulevard going through Berlin with other new buildings for the remaking of Berlin which caused the relocation of 100,000 Jews and non-Jews name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kirchner |first=Stephanie |date=3/4/2008 |title=How Hitler Would Have Rebuilt Berlin |url=https://time.com/archive/6908817/how-hitler-would-have-rebuilt-berlin/}}. Hitler received renderings, models, plans, and sections of Volkshalle on his birthday April 20th, 1937. Partial exterior and interior models were made of wood in 1939 that was 10 ft tall:

“The floor could be removed in order to test the future effect at eye level. In the course of his many visits to the exhibit Hitler would unfailingly spend a long time contemplating these two models. He would point triumphantly to them as an idea that must have struck his friends fifteen years ago as a fantastic quirk.”

“The floor could be removed in order to test the future effect at eye level. In the course of his many visits to the exhibit Hitler would unfailingly spend a long time contemplating these two models. He would point triumphantly to them as an idea that must have struck his friends fifteen years ago as a fantastic quirk.”

The temple-like nature of the domed building was to make it symbolic of Roman architecture after thousands of years of building decay {{Cite book |last=Glancey |first=Jonathan |title=What's so great about the Eiffel Tower? 70 questions that will change the way you think about architecture |date=2017 |publisher=Laurence King Publishing |isbn=978-1-78067-919-8 |location=London}} noted by Speer, who surmised that the building was ultimately intended for public worship of Hitler, his successors and the German Reich. Speer mentioned that Volkshalle would have “importance similar to that of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Rome]] has for [[Catholic]] Christendom” after many centuries.{{Cite journal |last=Lane |first=Barbara |date=2016 |title=Books : review : "Albert Speer : architecture 1932-1942" |journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians |pages=1-2}}

The temple-like nature of the domed building was to make it symbolic of Roman architecture after thousands of years of building decay {{Cite book |last=Glancey |first=Jonathan |title=What's so great about the Eiffel Tower? 70 questions that will change the way you think about architecture |date=2017 |publisher=Laurence King Publishing |isbn=978-1-78067-919-8 |location=London}} noted by Speer, who surmised that the building was ultimately intended for public worship of Hitler, his successors and the German Reich. Speer mentioned that Volkshalle would have “importance similar to that of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Rome]] has for [[Catholic]] Christendom” after many centuries.{{Cite journal |last=Lane |first=Barbara |date=2016 |title=Books : review : "Albert Speer : architecture 1932-1942" |journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians |pages=1-2}}

Hitler's podium would be situated beneath a 46ft pedestal with the statue of a golden eagle holding a swastika, with a 165x 92 recess backwall surfaced with gold mosaic. From here he would address 150,000- 180,000 listeners, some standing in the central round arena of 460 ft in diameter, others seated in three rowed concentric tiers of seats.  The interior of the dome was arranged with 100 rectangular marble pillars that were 80 ft tall for structural support. The interior oculus would be 825 ft in diameter and could hypothetically fit the dome of St. Petersburg inside. Despite the grandiose height, Speer acknowledged that the biggest flaw of the design would be that Hitler’s size would be lost due to the scale of the building.

Hitler's podium would be situated beneath a 46ft pedestal with the statue of a golden eagle holding a swastika, with a 165x 92 recess backwall surfaced with gold mosaic. From here he would address 150,000- 180,000 listeners, some standing in the central round arena of 460 ft in diameter, others seated in three rowed concentric tiers of seats.  The interior of the dome was arranged with 100 rectangular marble pillars that were 80 ft tall for structural support. The interior oculus would be 825 ft in diameter and could hypothetically fit the dome of St. Petersburg inside. name=":3" />Despite the grandiose height, Speer acknowledged that the biggest flaw of the design would be that Hitler’s size would be lost due to the scale of the building.

== '''Structure''' ==

== '''Structure''' ==

To receive the immense load of Volkshalle, the footing would contain 3.9 million cubic meters of volume. To test the bearing capacity of the sandy soil, a structural model was created near the site in Berlin, however this was the only physical experimentation of structure ever modeled (Kirchner/Berlin, Stephanie. “How Hitler Would Have Rebuilt Berlin.”). The pillars of the dome would rise up to 66 ft high and the massive granite podium would rest on the columns at 244 ft high, on top of thick solid stone walls. The podium would be 1044x1044 in length and width. The curve of the dome would begin at 325 ft and rise to 726 ft, and would have a steel skeleton on the interior and be patinated with copper plates on the exterior. A skylight turret constructed out of light metal would be 152 ft in diameter and would rise above with an eagle perched on top of a globe, at a total of 975 ft, making it the tallest domed building in the world. The whole building was predicted to be 27.5 million cubic yards in volume.

To receive the immense load of Volkshalle, the footing would contain 3.9 million cubic meters of volume. To test the bearing capacity of the sandy soil, a structural model was created near the site in Berlin, however this was the only physical experimentation of structure ever modeled name=":4" />. The pillars of the dome would rise up to 66 ft high and the massive granite podium would rest on the columns at 244 ft high, on top of thick solid stone walls. The podium would be 1044x1044 in length and width. The curve of the dome would begin at 325 ft and rise to 726 ft, and would have a steel skeleton on the interior and be patinated with copper plates on the exterior. A skylight turret constructed out of light metal would be 152 ft in diameter and would rise above with an eagle perched on top of a globe, at a total of 975 ft, making it the tallest domed building in the world. The whole building was predicted to be 27.5 million cubic yards in volume.

== '''Symbolism''' ==

== '''Symbolism''' ==

"What does one skyscraper more or less amount to, a little higher or a little lower. The great thing about our building will be the dome!"…Hitler.

"What does one skyscraper more or less amount to, a little higher or a little lower. The great thing about our building will be the dome!"…Hitler.

The structure would be surrounded by the Spree river on three sides which aimed to amplify the building size through the reflection of the water.On top of the dome's lantern was the German heraldic eagle clutching the globe of the Earth, and according to Hitler, was to “crown this greatest building in the world.”

The structure would be surrounded by the Spree river on three sides which aimed to amplify the building size through the reflection of the water. On top of the dome's lantern was the German heraldic eagle clutching the globe of the Earth, and according to Hitler, was to “crown this greatest building in the world.”

The vast dome, on which it rested, symbolically represented the vault of the sky spanning Germany's empire. The globe on the dome's lantern was enhanced and emphasised by two monumental sculptures by Breker, each 15 metres (50 ft) high, which flanked the north façade of the building: at its west end [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]] supporting the heavens, at its east end [[Terra (mythology)|Tellus]] supporting the Earth, coated with gold for the outlines of the continents and constellations. Both mythological figures were chosen by Hitler himself.

The vast dome, on which it rested, symbolically represented the vault of the sky spanning Germany's empire. The globe on the dome's lantern was enhanced and emphasised by two monumental sculptures by Breker, each 15 metres (50 ft) high, which flanked the north façade of the building: at its west end [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]] supporting the heavens, at its east end [[Terra (mythology)|Tellus]] supporting the Earth, coated with gold for the outlines of the continents and constellations. Both mythological figures were chosen by Hitler himself.

== '''In fiction''' ==

== '''In fiction''' ==