Russo-Turkish wars

| image_size = 340px

| image_size = 340px

| territory = Ottomans permanently lose [[Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire|Crimea]], most of [[Treaty of Bucharest (1812)|Bessarabia]] and parts of [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca|modern Ukraine]], and most of the [[Russian conquest of the Caucasus|Caucasus]]

| territory = Ottomans permanently lose [[Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire|Crimea]], most of [[Treaty of Bucharest (1812)|Bessarabia]] and parts of [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca|modern Ukraine]], and most of the [[Russian conquest of the Caucasus|Caucasus]]

| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Tsardom of Russia}} [[Tsardom of Russia]] (until 1721)
{{flagicon|Russian Empire|1896}} [[Russian Empire]] (1721–1917)
{{flagicon|Russian Republic}} [[Russian Republic]] (1917)
{{flagicon|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|1918}} [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] (1917–1918)

| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Tsardom of Russia}} [[Tsardom of Russia]] (until 1721)
{{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire]] (1721–1917)
{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Republic]] (1917)
{{flagicon|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|1918}} [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] (1917–1918)

| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]]
'''Vassals:'''
[[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|23px|link=]] [[Crimean Khanate|Crimea]]
{{flagicon image|Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg}} [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]]

| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]]
'''Vassals:'''
[[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|23px|link=]] [[Crimean Khanate|Crimea]]
{{flagicon image|Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg}} [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]]

| units1 = [[Army of the Tsardom of Russia]]
[[Army of Peter the Great]]
[[Imperial Russian Army]]
[[Imperial Russian Navy]]

| units1 = [[Army of the Tsardom of Russia]]
[[Army of Peter the Great]]
[[Imperial Russian Army]]
[[Imperial Russian Navy]]

=== Collapse of Russian and Ottoman empires (1914–1923) ===

=== Collapse of Russian and Ottoman empires (1914–1923) ===

{{Main|Caucasus campaign|Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|Russian Revolution}}

{{Main|Caucasus campaign|Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|Russian Revolution}}

[[File:Occupation_of_Western_Armenia_(1915-1818).svg|thumb|250x250px|The area of Russian [[Occupation of Turkish Armenia|occupation]] of northeast Turkey and the Caucasus ([[Western Armenia]]).]]

[[File:Occupation_of_Western_Armenia_(1915-1818).svg|thumb|250x250px|The area of Russian [[Occupation of Turkish Armenia|occupation]] of northeast Turkey and the Caucasus ([[Western Armenia]]).]]

During the early months of [[World War I]], [[Kars Oblast|Kars]] was a key military objective for the Ottoman army. [[Enver Pasha]] who pushed the Ottoman Empire into World War I, needed a victory against the Russians to defend his position. He collected an army on the eastern border. The army was badly defeated under Enver's command at the [[Battle of Sarikamish]] January 2, 1915, against [[Nikolai Yudenich]]. This defeat was more due to the winter weather and bad planning, given the fact that Russians were actually preparing to evacuate Kars. With the loss of the eastern army, Ottoman defenses crumbled with further small battles and the Russian army succeeded in advancing as far west as [[Erzincan]]. The Ottoman army suffered the next heavy defeat in the [[Erzurum Offensive|Battle of Erzurum]] in 1916, after which the Russian army captured the whole of [[Western Armenia]]. After the 1916 campaign, the front remained stable until the [[Russian Revolution]].

During the early months of [[World War I]], [[Kars Oblast|Kars]] was a key military objective for the Ottoman army. [[Enver Pasha]] who pushed the Ottoman Empire into World War I, needed a victory against the Russians to defend his position. He collected an army on the eastern border. The army was badly defeated under Enver's command at the [[Battle of Sarikamish]] January 2, 1915, against [[Nikolai Yudenich]]. This defeat was more due to the winter weather and bad planning, given the fact that Russians were actually preparing to evacuate Kars. With the loss of the eastern army, Ottoman defenses crumbled with further small battles and the Russian army succeeded in advancing as far west as [[Erzincan]]. The Ottoman army suffered the next heavy defeat in the [[Erzurum Offensive|Battle of Erzurum]] in 1916, after which the Russian army captured the whole of [[Western Armenia]]. After the 1916 campaign, the front remained stable until the [[Russian Revolution]].