Open access

Open access

Citation rate

← Previous revision Revision as of 22:40, 1 May 2026
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A main reason authors make their articles openly accessible is to maximize their [[citation impact]].Swan, Alma (2006) [http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=1719&ChandosTitle=1 The culture of Open Access: researchers' views and responses] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522085011/http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=1719&ChandosTitle=1 |date=22 May 2012}}. In: Neil Jacobs (Ed.) ''Open access: key strategic, technical and economic aspects'', Chandos. Open access articles are typically [[Citation|cited]] more often than equivalent articles requiring subscriptions.{{Cite journal |last1=Piwowar |first1=Heather |last2=Priem |first2=Jason |last3=Larivière |first3=Vincent |last4=Alperin |first4=Juan Pablo |last5=Matthias |first5=Lisa |last6=Norlander |first6=Bree |last7=Farley |first7=Ashley |last8=West |first8=Jevin |last9=Haustein |first9=Stefanie |date=13 February 2018 |title=The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=6 |article-number=e4375 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4375 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=5815332 |pmid=29456894 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018PeerJ...6e4375P }}{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2010 |others=Alma Swan |title=The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103050318/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |website=eprints.soton.ac.uk |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last1=Tennant |first1=Jonathan P. |last2=Waldner |first2=François |last3=Jacques |first3=Damien C. |last4=Masuzzo |first4=Paola |last5=Collister |first5=Lauren B. |last6=Hartgerink |first6=Chris. H. J. |date=21 September 2016 |title=The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review |journal=F1000Research |volume=5 |page=632 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.8460.3 |issn=2046-1402 |pmc=4837983 |pmid=27158456 |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal|date=2021-06-01|title=The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics|journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology|language=en|volume=164|pages=103–111|doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006|issn=0167-8760|last1=Clayson|first1=Peter E.|last2=Baldwin|first2=Scott A.|last3=Larson|first3=Michael J.|pmid=33774077|s2cid=232409668|doi-access=free}} This 'citation advantage' was first reported in 2001.[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/online-nature01/ Online or Invisible? Steve Lawrence; NEC Research Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316145522/http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/online-nature01/|date=16 March 2007}}. Citeseer.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. Although two major studies dispute this claim,{{Cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=P. M |last2=Lewenstein |first2=B. V |last3=Simon |first3=D. H |last4=Booth |first4=J. G |last5=Connolly |first5=M. J L |year=2008 |title=Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial |journal=BMJ |volume=337 |issue=jul31 1 |pages=a568 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a568 |pmc=2492576 |pmid=18669565}}{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=P. M. |year=2011 |title=Open access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing |journal=[[The FASEB Journal]] |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=2129–34 |doi=10.1096/fj.11-183988 |doi-access=free |pmid=21450907 |s2cid=205367842}} the consensus of multiple studies support the effect,[http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html Effect of OA on citation impact: a bibliography of studies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102234006/http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html|date=2 November 2017}}. Opcit.eprints.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. with measured OA citation advantage varying in magnitude between 1.3-fold to 6-fold depending on discipline.{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2010 |others=Alma Swan |title=The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103050318/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |website=eprints.soton.ac.uk |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last1=Clayson |first1=Peter E. |last2=Baldwin |first2=Scott A. |last3=Larson |first3=Michael J. |date=2021-06-01 |title=The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics |journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology |language=en |volume=164 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006 |pmid=33774077 |s2cid=232409668 |issn=0167-8760|doi-access=free }}
A main reason authors make their articles openly accessible is to maximize their [[citation impact]].Swan, Alma (2006) [http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=1719&ChandosTitle=1 The culture of Open Access: researchers' views and responses] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522085011/http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=1719&ChandosTitle=1 |date=22 May 2012}}. In: Neil Jacobs (Ed.) ''Open access: key strategic, technical and economic aspects'', Chandos. Open access articles are typically [[Citation|cited]] more often than equivalent articles requiring subscriptions.{{Cite journal |last1=Piwowar |first1=Heather |last2=Priem |first2=Jason |last3=Larivière |first3=Vincent |last4=Alperin |first4=Juan Pablo |last5=Matthias |first5=Lisa |last6=Norlander |first6=Bree |last7=Farley |first7=Ashley |last8=West |first8=Jevin |last9=Haustein |first9=Stefanie |date=13 February 2018 |title=The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=6 |article-number=e4375 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4375 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=5815332 |pmid=29456894 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018PeerJ...6e4375P }}{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2010 |others=Alma Swan |title=The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103050318/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |website=eprints.soton.ac.uk |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last1=Tennant |first1=Jonathan P. |last2=Waldner |first2=François |last3=Jacques |first3=Damien C. |last4=Masuzzo |first4=Paola |last5=Collister |first5=Lauren B. |last6=Hartgerink |first6=Chris. H. J. |date=21 September 2016 |title=The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review |journal=F1000Research |volume=5 |page=632 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.8460.3 |issn=2046-1402 |pmc=4837983 |pmid=27158456 |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal|date=2021-06-01|title=The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics|journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology|language=en|volume=164|pages=103–111|doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006|issn=0167-8760|last1=Clayson|first1=Peter E.|last2=Baldwin|first2=Scott A.|last3=Larson|first3=Michael J.|pmid=33774077|s2cid=232409668|doi-access=free}} This 'citation advantage' was first reported in 2001.[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/online-nature01/ Online or Invisible? Steve Lawrence; NEC Research Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316145522/http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/online-nature01/|date=16 March 2007}}. Citeseer.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. Although two major studies dispute this claim,{{Cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=P. M |last2=Lewenstein |first2=B. V |last3=Simon |first3=D. H |last4=Booth |first4=J. G |last5=Connolly |first5=M. J L |year=2008 |title=Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial |journal=BMJ |volume=337 |issue=jul31 1 |pages=a568 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a568 |pmc=2492576 |pmid=18669565}}{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=P. M. |year=2011 |title=Open access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing |journal=[[The FASEB Journal]] |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=2129–34 |doi=10.1096/fj.11-183988 |doi-access=free |pmid=21450907 |s2cid=205367842}} the consensus of multiple studies support the effect,[http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html Effect of OA on citation impact: a bibliography of studies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102234006/http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html|date=2 November 2017}}. Opcit.eprints.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. with measured OA citation advantage varying in magnitude between 1.3-fold to 6-fold depending on discipline.{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2010 |others=Alma Swan |title=The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103050318/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |website=eprints.soton.ac.uk |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last1=Clayson |first1=Peter E. |last2=Baldwin |first2=Scott A. |last3=Larson |first3=Michael J. |date=2021-06-01 |title=The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics |journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology |language=en |volume=164 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006 |pmid=33774077 |s2cid=232409668 |issn=0167-8760|doi-access=free }}


Citation advantage is most pronounced in OA articles in hybrid journals (compared to the non-OA articles in those same journals),{{Cite journal |last=Eysenbach |first=Gunther |date=16 May 2006 |editor-last=Tenopir |editor-first=Carol |editor-link=Carol Tenopir |title=Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=4 |issue=5 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=1459247 |pmid=16683865 |doi-access=free |article-number=e157}} and with articles deposited in green OA repositories. Notably, green OA articles show similar benefits to citation counts as gold OA articles. Articles in gold OA journals are typically cited at a similar frequency to paywalled articles.{{Cite journal |last1=Björk |first1=Bo-Christer |last2=Solomon |first2=David |date=17 July 2012 |title=Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact |journal=BMC Medicine |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=73 |doi=10.1186/1741-7015-10-73 |issn=1741-7015 |pmc=3398850 |pmid=22805105 |doi-access=free }} Citation advantage increases the longer an article has been published.
Citation advantage is most pronounced in OA articles in hybrid journals (compared to the non-OA articles in those same journals),{{Cite journal |last=Eysenbach |first=Gunther |date=16 May 2006 |editor-last=Tenopir |editor-first=Carol |editor-link=Carol Tenopir |title=Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=4 |issue=5 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=1459247 |pmid=16683865 |doi-access=free |article-number=e157}} and with articles deposited in green OA repositories. Notably, green OA articles show similar benefits to citation counts as gold OA articles. Articles in gold OA journals are typically cited at a similar frequency to paywalled articles.{{Cite journal |last1=Björk |first1=Bo-Christer |last2=Solomon |first2=David |date=17 July 2012 |title=Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact |journal=BMC Medicine |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=73 |doi=10.1186/1741-7015-10-73 |issn=1741-7015 |pmc=3398850 |pmid=22805105 |doi-access=free }} Citation advantage increases the longer an article has been published.> A 2024 article demonstrated that open-access (OA) publications receive more diverse citations than closed-access publications, in terms of: institutions, countries, subregions, regions, and research fields. This ''citation diversity advantage'' is robust, as observed across 19 million publications and 420 million citations (2010–2019). Open access through disciplinary or institutional repositories showed a stronger effect than open access via publisher platforms.{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Chun-Kai |last2=Neylon |first2=Cameron |last3=Montgomery |first3=Lucy |last4=Hosking |first4=Richard |last5=Diprose |first5=James P. |last6=Handcock |first6=Rebecca N. |last7=Wilson |first7=Katie |title=Open access research outputs receive more diverse citations |journal=[[Scientometrics (journal)|Scientometrics]] |date=2024 |volume=129 |issue=2 |pages=825–845 |doi=10.1007/s11192-023-04894-0 |doi-access=free}}>


==== Altmetrics ====
==== Altmetrics ====