Nurse anesthetist

==Australia==

==Australia==

In outback Australia, anaesthesia was frequently administered by non-medical assistants, attracting strong criticism by the medical establishment. The standard pattern of anaesthesia administration in the early 1900s in Australian cities was that the general practitioner (GP) referring the patient to the surgeon would administer the anaesthetic.{{cite book |last1=Westhorpe |first1=R |title=The History of Anesthesia in Australia |date=2010 |publisher=Abstracts of the 13th Asian and Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists. |page=19}} In 1934, anaesthesia physicians became organised industrially and educationally very early as the Australian Society of Anaesthetists (ASA), and an early principle was that, whenever possible, one anaesthetist (and not an assistant) would care for and supervise one patient and that the anaesthetised patient would receive priority over all other activities. As nursing shortages were widespread, there was little scope for branching out into anaesthesia administration; nurses gravitated towards operating theatre scout and scrub duties.{{cite book |last1=Brydon |first1=AG |last2=Hallows |first2=BR |last3=Hughes |first3=M |title=Practical Anesthesia. Glebe NSW, Australia |date=1932 |publisher=Australasian Medical Publishing Company |pages=14–17}} While the concept of non-medical nurse practitioners surfaced and was successful in the different states of Australia and in New Zealand, the non-medical anaesthesia professional has been more prevalent within the sub-branches of the anaesthesia services.

In outback

Australia, anaesthesia was frequently administered by non-medical

assistants, attracting strong criticism by the medical establishment.

The standard pattern of anaesthesia administration in the early 1900s in

Australian cities was that the general practitioner (GP) referring the

patient to the surgeon would administer the anaesthetic.{{cite book |last1=Westhorpe |first1=R |title=The History of Anesthesia in Australia |date=2010 |publisher=Abstracts of the 13th Asian and Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists. |page=19}} In 1934, anaesthesia physicians became

organised industrially and educationally very early as the Australian

Society of Anaesthetists (ASA), and an early principle was that, whenever possible, one

anaesthetist (and not an assistant) would care for and supervise one

patient and that the anaesthetised patient would receive priority

over all other activities. As nursing shortages were widespread, there was

little scope for branching out into anaesthesia administration; nurses

gravitated towards operating theatre scout and scrub duties.{{cite book |last1=Brydon |first1=AG |last2=Hallows |first2=BR |last3=Hughes |first3=M |title=Practical Anesthesia. Glebe NSW, Australia |date=1932 |publisher=Australasian Medical Publishing Company |pages=14–17}} While

the concept of non-medical nurse practitioners surfaced and was

successful in the different states of Australia and in New Zealand, the non-medical

anaesthesia professional has been more prevalent within the sub-

branches of the anaesthesia services.

Physicians became the sole administrators of anaesthesia in other parts of the former British

Empire – in Singapore, Malaya, Hong Kong, India, Malta, Aden and

Gibraltar.{{cite journal |last1=Chan |first1=YW |title=History of Anesthesia (Singapore) – from ether to Balanced Anesthesia and Beyond |journal=Abstracts of the 13th Asian and Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists |date=2010 |volume=03 |issue=1 |page=18}}

Physicians became the sole administrators of anaesthesia in other parts of the former British Empire – in Singapore, Malaya, Hong Kong, India, Malta, Aden and Gibraltar.{{cite journal |last1=Chan |first1=YW |title=History of Anesthesia (Singapore) – from ether to Balanced Anesthesia and Beyond |journal=Abstracts of the 13th Asian and Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists |date=2010 |volume=03 |issue=1 |page=18}}

==See also==

==See also==