Mile

=== Roman{{anchor|Roman mile|Greek mile|Byzantine mile}} ===

=== Roman{{anchor|Roman mile|Greek mile|Byzantine mile}} ===

{{main|Ancient Roman units of measurement|Byzantine units of measurement}}

{{main|Ancient Roman units of measurement|Byzantine units of measurement}}

The '''Roman mile''' ({{lang|la|{{linktext|mille passus}}}}, {{abbr|lit.|literally}} "thousand paces"; {{abbr|abbr.|abbreviated}} '''m.p.'''; also {{lang|la|milia passuum}}{{refn|group=n|A [[partitive genitive]] construction literally meaning "one thousand of paces".{{sfnp|Lease|1905|p=211}}}} and {{lang|la|mille}}) consisted of a thousand [[pace (unit)|pace]]s as measured by every other step—as in the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times.{{cite journal |last1=Bassett |first1=David R. |last2=Mahar |first2=Matthew T. |last3=Rowe |first3=David A. |last4=Morrow |first4=James R. |title=Walking and Measurement |journal=Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=S529–S536 |date=2008 |issn=0195-9131 |pmid=18562970 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c |doi-access=free}} The distance was indirectly standardised by [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa|Agrippa]]'s establishment of a standard [[Roman foot]] (Agrippa's own) in 29 [[Before Christ|BC]],{{sfnp|Soren|1999|p=184}} and the definition of a pace as 5 (Roman) feet.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} An Imperial Roman mile thus denoted 5,000 [[Roman feet]]. [[Agrimensor|Surveyors]] and specialised equipment such as the [[decempeda]] and [[dioptra]] then spread its use.{{sfn|Shuttleworth}}

The '''Roman mile''' ({{lang|la|{{linktext|mille passus}}}}, {{abbr|lit.|literally}} "thousand paces"; {{abbr|abbr.|abbreviated}} '''m.p.'''; also {{lang|la|milia passuum}}{{refn|group=n|A [[partitive genitive]] construction literally meaning "one thousand of paces".{{sfnp|Lease|1905|p=211}}}} and {{lang|la|mille}}) consisted of a thousand [[pace (unit)|pace]]s as measured by every other step—as in the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times.{{cite journal |last1=Bassett |first1=David R. |last2=Mahar |first2=Matthew T. |last3=Rowe |first3=David A. |last4=Morrow |first4=James R. |title=Walking and Measurement |journal=Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=S529–S536 |date=2008 |issn=0195-9131 |pmid=18562970 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c |doi-access=free}} The distance was indirectly standardised by [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa|Agrippa]]'s establishment of a standard [[Roman foot]] in 29 [[Before Christ|BC]],{{sfnp|Soren|1999|p=184}} and the definition of a pace as 5 (Roman) feet.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} An Imperial Roman mile thus denoted 5,000 [[Roman feet]]. [[Agrimensor|Surveyors]] and specialised equipment such as the [[decempeda]] and [[dioptra]] then spread its use.{{sfn|Shuttleworth}}

In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile was empirically estimated to have been about {{convert|1618|yard|m ft mi}} in length, slightly less than the {{convert|1760.|yard|m ft}} of the modern international mile.{{sfnp|Smith|1875|p=762}}

In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile was empirically estimated to have been about {{convert|1618|yard|m ft mi}} in length, slightly less than the {{convert|1760.|yard|m ft}} of the modern international mile.{{sfnp|Smith|1875|p=762}}