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In early 2025, Iran was enriching substantial quantities of uranium to 60% purity, close to weapons-grade. Analysts warned that such activity exceeded any plausible civilian justification.[{{Cite news |title=Iran's alarming nuclear dash will soon test Donald Trump |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/01/28/irans-alarming-nuclear-dash-will-soon-test-donald-trump |access-date=23 February 2025 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}] Beginning in April 2025, Iran and the United States entered negotiations for a new nuclear agreement, but progress stalled as Iran's leaders have refused to stop enriching uranium.[{{Cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |last2=Fassihi |first2=Farnaz |date=2025-06-11 |title=The Tough Choice Facing Trump in the Iran Nuclear Talks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/us/politics/trump-iran-nuclear-talks.html |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}] In June 2025, IAEA found Iran non-compliant with its nuclear obligations for the first time in two decades.[{{Cite web |title=UN nuclear watchdog finds Iran in non-compliance with its obligations |url=https://www.euronews.com/2025/06/12/un-nuclear-watchdog-finds-iran-in-non-compliance-with-nuclear-obligations |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Euro News |date=12 June 2025 }}] In response, Iran announced the activation of a new enrichment facility and began installing additional advanced centrifuges.[{{Cite web |last1=Salem |first1=Mostafa |last2=Pleitgen |first2=Frederik |date=12 June 2025 |title=Iran threatens nuclear escalation after UN watchdog board finds it in breach of obligations |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/12/middleeast/iran-threatens-nuclear-escalation-iaea-intl |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}] |
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In early 2025, Iran was enriching substantial quantities of uranium to 60% purity, close to weapons-grade. Analysts warned that such activity exceeded any plausible civilian justification.[{{Cite news |title=Iran's alarming nuclear dash will soon test Donald Trump |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/01/28/irans-alarming-nuclear-dash-will-soon-test-donald-trump |access-date=23 February 2025 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}] Beginning in April 2025, Iran and the United States entered negotiations for a new nuclear agreement, but progress stalled as Iran's leaders have refused to stop enriching uranium.[{{Cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |last2=Fassihi |first2=Farnaz |date=2025-06-11 |title=The Tough Choice Facing Trump in the Iran Nuclear Talks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/us/politics/trump-iran-nuclear-talks.html |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}] In June 2025, IAEA found Iran non-compliant with its nuclear obligations for the first time in two decades.[{{Cite web |title=UN nuclear watchdog finds Iran in non-compliance with its obligations |url=https://www.euronews.com/2025/06/12/un-nuclear-watchdog-finds-iran-in-non-compliance-with-nuclear-obligations |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Euro News |date=12 June 2025 }}] In response, Iran announced the activation of a new enrichment facility and began installing additional advanced centrifuges.[{{Cite web |last1=Salem |first1=Mostafa |last2=Pleitgen |first2=Frederik |date=12 June 2025 |title=Iran threatens nuclear escalation after UN watchdog board finds it in breach of obligations |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/12/middleeast/iran-threatens-nuclear-escalation-iaea-intl |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}] |
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On 13 June 2025, Israel [[June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran|launched coordinated strikes across Iran]], targeting nuclear facilities and high-ranking military leadership and starting 12-day [[Iran–Israel war]]. The Natanz enrichment facility was reportedly severely damaged, alongside strikes on the [[Kermanshah]] missile base, multiple military installations, and airbases. Explosions were also reported near the Fordow nuclear site.[{{Cite news |last1=Shotter |first1=James |last2=Sevastopulo |first2=Demetri |last3=England |first3=Andrew |last4=Bozorgmehr |first4=Najmeh |date=2025-06-13 |title=Israel launches air strikes against Iran commanders and nuclear sites |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46b1a363-c805-4800-abbf-6b47b9602ef2 |access-date=2025-06-13 |work=Financial Times}}][{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Nauman |first2=Qasim |last3=Boxerman |first3=Aaron |last4=Kingsley |first4=Patrick |last5=Bergman |first5=Ronen |date=2025-06-13 |title=Israel Strikes Iran's Nuclear Program, Killing Top Military Officials: Live Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/12/world/israel-iran-us-nuclear |access-date=2025-06-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}] Among the senior commanders killed were: Major General [[Hossein Salami]], head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC); Major General [[Mohammad Bagheri (general)|Mohammad Bagheri]], chief of staff of Iran's armed forces; and [[Amir Ali Hajizadeh]], commander of the IRGC Air Force and architect of Iran's missile program.[{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Ross Adkin, Tamar Michaelis, Nadeen |date=2025-06-13 |title=Israeli strikes kill some of Iran's most powerful men, including military and nuclear leaders |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/13/middleeast/israel-iran-strikes-military-deaths-intl-hnk |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=CNN |language=en}}] |
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On 13 June 2025, Israel [[June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran|launched coordinated strikes across Iran]], targeting nuclear facilities and high-ranking military leadership and starting the [[Twelve-Day War]]. The Natanz enrichment facility was reportedly severely damaged, alongside strikes on the [[Kermanshah]] missile base, multiple military installations, and airbases. Explosions were also reported near the Fordow nuclear site.[{{Cite news |last1=Shotter |first1=James |last2=Sevastopulo |first2=Demetri |last3=England |first3=Andrew |last4=Bozorgmehr |first4=Najmeh |date=2025-06-13 |title=Israel launches air strikes against Iran commanders and nuclear sites |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46b1a363-c805-4800-abbf-6b47b9602ef2 |access-date=2025-06-13 |work=Financial Times}}][{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Nauman |first2=Qasim |last3=Boxerman |first3=Aaron |last4=Kingsley |first4=Patrick |last5=Bergman |first5=Ronen |date=2025-06-13 |title=Israel Strikes Iran's Nuclear Program, Killing Top Military Officials: Live Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/12/world/israel-iran-us-nuclear |access-date=2025-06-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}] Among the senior commanders killed were: Major General [[Hossein Salami]], head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC); Major General [[Mohammad Bagheri (general)|Mohammad Bagheri]], chief of staff of Iran's armed forces; and [[Amir Ali Hajizadeh]], commander of the IRGC Air Force and architect of Iran's missile program.[{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Ross Adkin, Tamar Michaelis, Nadeen |date=2025-06-13 |title=Israeli strikes kill some of Iran's most powerful men, including military and nuclear leaders |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/13/middleeast/israel-iran-strikes-military-deaths-intl-hnk |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=CNN |language=en}}] |
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On 22 June 2025, the [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites]] targeted three designated locations in Iran: Fordow, Ntanz, and Isfahan.[{{Cite web |title=Iran says US attacks will get 'response', as Trump claims 'we took bomb out of their hands' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/ckg3rzj8emjt |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}] The strikes, which were part of Operation Midnight Hammer, aimed to help dismantle Iran's nuclear weapons program after Iran withdrew from the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] oversight.[{{Cite news |last=Oltermann |first=Philip |date=2025-07-01 |title=Tuesday briefing: How weakened is Iran after Operation Midnight Hammer – and where might it go from here? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/01/tuesday-briefing-how-weakened-is-iran-after-operation-midnight-hammer-and-where-might-it-go-from-here |access-date=2025-07-16 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}] |
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On 22 June 2025, the [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites]] targeted three designated locations in Iran: Fordow, Ntanz, and Isfahan.[{{Cite web |title=Iran says US attacks will get 'response', as Trump claims 'we took bomb out of their hands' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/ckg3rzj8emjt |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}] The strikes, which were part of Operation Midnight Hammer, aimed to help dismantle Iran's nuclear weapons program after Iran withdrew from the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] oversight.[{{Cite news |last=Oltermann |first=Philip |date=2025-07-01 |title=Tuesday briefing: How weakened is Iran after Operation Midnight Hammer – and where might it go from here? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/01/tuesday-briefing-how-weakened-is-iran-after-operation-midnight-hammer-and-where-might-it-go-from-here |access-date=2025-07-16 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}] |
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