History of photography

In 1826, [[Nicéphore Niépce]] first managed to fix an image that was captured with a camera, but at least eight hours or even several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude. Niépce's associate [[Louis Daguerre]] went on to develop the [[daguerreotype]] process, the first publicly announced and commercially viable photographic process. The daguerreotype required only minutes of exposure in the camera, and produced clear, finely detailed results. On August 2, 1839 Daguerre demonstrated the details of the process to the Chamber of Peers in Paris. On August 19 the technical details were made public in a meeting of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Fine Arts in the Palace of Institute (for granting the rights of the inventions to the public, Daguerre and Niépce were awarded generous annuities for life).{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vftTAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras|title=Seizing the Light: A History of Photography|first=Robert|last=Hirsch|date=2 June 2018|publisher=McGraw-Hill|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-697-14361-7|access-date=13 December 2015|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702162356/https://books.google.com/books?id=vftTAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNXVAAAAMAAJ&dq=birth+year+photography+1839&pg=RA3-PA68 |title=The Michigan Technic 1882 ''The Genesis of Photography with Hints on Developing'' |date=1882 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175846/https://books.google.com/books?id=XNXVAAAAMAAJ&dq=birth+year+photography+1839&pg=RA3-PA68 |url-status=live }} When the metal based daguerreotype process was demonstrated formally to the public, the competitor approach of paper-based [[calotype]] [[negative (photography)|negative]] and [[salt print]] processes invented by [[Henry Fox Talbot]] was already demonstrated in London (but with less publicity). Subsequent innovations made photography easier and more versatile. New materials reduced the required camera exposure time from minutes to seconds, and eventually to a small fraction of a second; new photographic media were more economical, sensitive or convenient. Since the 1850s, the [[collodion process]] with its glass-based [[photographic plate]]s combined the high quality known from the Daguerreotype with the multiple print options known from the calotype and was commonly used for decades. [[Roll film]]s popularized casual use by amateurs. In the mid-20th century, developments made it possible for amateurs to take pictures in [[color photography|natural color]] as well as in [[black-and-white]].

In 1826, [[Nicéphore Niépce]] first managed to fix an image that was captured with a camera, but at least eight hours or even several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude. Niépce's associate [[Louis Daguerre]] went on to develop the [[daguerreotype]] process, the first publicly announced and commercially viable photographic process. The daguerreotype required only minutes of exposure in the camera, and produced clear, finely detailed results. On August 2, 1839 Daguerre demonstrated the details of the process to the Chamber of Peers in Paris. On August 19 the technical details were made public in a meeting of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Fine Arts in the Palace of Institute (for granting the rights of the inventions to the public, Daguerre and Niépce were awarded generous annuities for life).{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vftTAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras|title=Seizing the Light: A History of Photography|first=Robert|last=Hirsch|date=2 June 2018|publisher=McGraw-Hill|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-697-14361-7|access-date=13 December 2015|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702162356/https://books.google.com/books?id=vftTAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNXVAAAAMAAJ&dq=birth+year+photography+1839&pg=RA3-PA68 |title=The Michigan Technic 1882 ''The Genesis of Photography with Hints on Developing'' |date=1882 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175846/https://books.google.com/books?id=XNXVAAAAMAAJ&dq=birth+year+photography+1839&pg=RA3-PA68 |url-status=live }} When the metal based daguerreotype process was demonstrated formally to the public, the competitor approach of paper-based [[calotype]] [[negative (photography)|negative]] and [[salt print]] processes invented by [[Henry Fox Talbot]] was already demonstrated in London (but with less publicity). Subsequent innovations made photography easier and more versatile. New materials reduced the required camera exposure time from minutes to seconds, and eventually to a small fraction of a second; new photographic media were more economical, sensitive or convenient. Since the 1850s, the [[collodion process]] with its glass-based [[photographic plate]]s combined the high quality known from the Daguerreotype with the multiple print options known from the calotype and was commonly used for decades. [[Roll film]]s popularized casual use by amateurs. In the mid-20th century, developments made it possible for amateurs to take pictures in [[color photography|natural color]] as well as in [[black-and-white]].

The commercial arrival of digital cameras in the 1990s revolutionized photography. During the first decade of the 21st century, film declined as digital cameras became cheaper, easier to use, and better in image quality. Once cameras became standard on smartphones, taking photos and posting them on the internet, which arose as a technology around the same time, became an ordinary part of daily life around the world.

The commercial arrival of digital cameras in the 1990s revolutionized photography. During the first decade of the 21st century, film declined as digital cameras became cheaper, easier to use, and better in image quality. Once cameras became standard on smartphones, taking photos and posting them online became an ordinary part of daily life around the world.

==Etymology==

==Etymology==