Francisco Menéndez
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== Military career == |
== Military career == |
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Menéndez enlisted in the [[Salvadoran Army]] in 1851 at the age of 20.{{sfn|Leistenschneider|Leistenschneider|1980|p=147}} That year, he fought in the Salvadoran defeat at the [[Battle of La Arada]] as a [[corporal]] under the command of President [[Doroteo Vasconcelos]]. In 1858, he was promoted to [[sub-lieutenant]] and married Bonifacia Salazar.{{sfn|Cañas Dinarte|Scarlett Cortez|2006|p=79}} That year, |
Menéndez enlisted in the [[Salvadoran Army]] in 1851 at the age of 20.{{sfn|Leistenschneider|Leistenschneider|1980|p=147}} That year, he fought in the Salvadoran defeat at the [[Battle of La Arada]] as a [[corporal]] under the command of President [[Doroteo Vasconcelos]]. In 1858, he was promoted to [[sub-lieutenant]] and married Bonifacia Salazar.{{sfn|Cañas Dinarte|Scarlett Cortez|2006|p=79}} The couple had a son named [[José Asencio Menéndez|José]].{{sfn|Mejía Marroquín|2017|p=184}} That year, Menéndez was also a {{lang|es|[[regidor]]}} on the Ahuachapán {{lang|es|[[ayuntamiento]]}}.{{sfn|Leistenschneider|Leistenschneider|1980|p=147}} |
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He was the mayor of Ahuachapán in 1871.{{sfn|Cañas Dinarte|Scarlett Cortez|2006|p=79}} An [[Idealism in international relations|idealist]] [[Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America|liberal]],{{sfn|White|1973|p=87}} Menéndez joined Marshal [[Santiago González (politician)|Santiago González]]'s [[Honduran–Salvadoran War of 1871|rebellion]] against conservative president [[Francisco Dueñas]]. González elevated Menéndez to the rank of [[colonel]] and Menéndez established a defensive position at the [[Santa Ana, El Salvador|Santa Ana]] hospital for four days amidst heavy canon fire. After the rebellion succeeded, González appointed Menéndez to the [[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|Constituent Assembly]] to draft a new [[Constitution of El Salvador|constitution]],{{sfn|Cañas Dinarte|Scarlett Cortez|2006|p=79}} but González abandoned this constitution the following year and adopted a new constitution that increased term lengths from two to four years.{{sfn|Haggerty|1990|p=144}} |
He was the mayor of Ahuachapán in 1871.{{sfn|Cañas Dinarte|Scarlett Cortez|2006|p=79}} An [[Idealism in international relations|idealist]] [[Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America|liberal]],{{sfn|White|1973|p=87}} Menéndez joined Marshal [[Santiago González (politician)|Santiago González]]'s [[Honduran–Salvadoran War of 1871|rebellion]] against conservative president [[Francisco Dueñas]]. González elevated Menéndez to the rank of [[colonel]] and Menéndez established a defensive position at the [[Santa Ana, El Salvador|Santa Ana]] hospital for four days amidst heavy canon fire. After the rebellion succeeded, González appointed Menéndez to the [[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|Constituent Assembly]] to draft a new [[Constitution of El Salvador|constitution]],{{sfn|Cañas Dinarte|Scarlett Cortez|2006|p=79}} but González abandoned this constitution the following year and adopted a new constitution that increased term lengths from two to four years.{{sfn|Haggerty|1990|p=144}} |
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* {{cite book|editor-last1=Haggerty|editor-first1=Richard A.|date=1990|title=El Salvador: A Country Study|url=https://archive.org/details/elsalvadorcountr00hagg|language=en|edition=2nd|location=[[Washington, D.C.]], United States|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]]|isbn=9780525560371|lccn=89048948|oclc=1044677008|access-date=5 January 2026}} |
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Haggerty|editor-first1=Richard A.|date=1990|title=El Salvador: A Country Study|url=https://archive.org/details/elsalvadorcountr00hagg|language=en|edition=2nd|location=[[Washington, D.C.]], United States|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]]|isbn=9780525560371|lccn=89048948|oclc=1044677008|access-date=5 January 2026}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Leistenschneider|first1=María|last2=Leistenschneider|first2=Freddy|date=1980|title=Gobernantes de El Salvador: Biografías|trans-title=Governors of El Salvador: Biographies|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/589275475/Gobernantes-de-El-Salvador|language=es|publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (El Salvador)|Ministry of the Interior]]|oclc=7876291|access-date=5 January 2026|name-list-style=amp}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Leistenschneider|first1=María|last2=Leistenschneider|first2=Freddy|date=1980|title=Gobernantes de El Salvador: Biografías|trans-title=Governors of El Salvador: Biographies|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/589275475/Gobernantes-de-El-Salvador|language=es|publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (El Salvador)|Ministry of the Interior]]|oclc=7876291|access-date=5 January 2026|name-list-style=amp}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Mejía Marroquín|first1=Julia Abigail|date=2017|title=El PAR en las Elecciones de 1967. Un Programa Político en un Contexto Nacional Problemático|url=https://revistas.ues.edu.sv/index.php/launiversidad/article/view/2438|trans-title=PAR in the 1967 Elections. A Political Program in a Problematic National Context|language=es|journal=La Universidad|publisher=[[University of El Salvador]]|location=[[San Salvador]], El Salvador|pages=177–202|issn=0041-8242|oclc=10452278673|access-date=20 April 2026}} |
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Ward|editor1-first=L.A.|date=1916|title=Libro Azul de El Salvador: Histórico y Descriptivo, Comercio e Industrías, Hechos Datos y Recursos|trans-title=Blue Book of Salvador: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts Figures and Resources|url=https://ia803202.us.archive.org/23/items/libro-azul-1916/Libro%20Azul%201916.pdf|language=es|publisher=Latin American Publicity Bureau|location=[[San Salvador]], El Salvador|oclc=16103876|access-date=20 February 2026}} |
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Ward|editor1-first=L.A.|date=1916|title=Libro Azul de El Salvador: Histórico y Descriptivo, Comercio e Industrías, Hechos Datos y Recursos|trans-title=Blue Book of Salvador: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts Figures and Resources|url=https://ia803202.us.archive.org/23/items/libro-azul-1916/Libro%20Azul%201916.pdf|language=es|publisher=Latin American Publicity Bureau|location=[[San Salvador]], El Salvador|oclc=16103876|access-date=20 February 2026}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=White|first1=Alastair|date=1973|title=El Salvador|url=https://archive.org/details/elsalvador0000whit/mode/2up|language=en|series=Nations of the Modern World|publisher=[[Ernest Benn Limited]]|location=[[London]] and [[Tonbridge]]|isbn=0510395236|lccn=73175341|oclc=1391406624|access-date=5 January 2026}} |
* {{cite book|last1=White|first1=Alastair|date=1973|title=El Salvador|url=https://archive.org/details/elsalvador0000whit/mode/2up|language=en|series=Nations of the Modern World|publisher=[[Ernest Benn Limited]]|location=[[London]] and [[Tonbridge]]|isbn=0510395236|lccn=73175341|oclc=1391406624|access-date=5 January 2026}} |
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