Fell
Etymology
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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The [[English language|English]] word "fell", including [[Scots language|Scots]] {{lang|sco|fell}}, comes from [[Old Norse]] {{lang|non|fell}} (in [[Middle English]] {{lang|enm|fell}}, {{lang|enm|felle}}) with the same or similar meaning as its descendants. Its root meaning is "[[mountain]]",{{cite book |last1=Cleasby |first1=Richard |last2=Vigfússon |first2=Guðbrandur |last3=Dasent |first3=George Webbe |title=An Icelandic-English dictionary, based on the ms. collections of the late Richard Cleasby. Enl. and completed by Gudbrand Vigfússon. With an introd. and life of Richard Cleasby by George Webbe Dasent |date=1874 |publisher=Oxford Clarendon Press |page=156 |url=https://archive.org/details/icelandicenglish00cleauoft/page/156/mode/2up |access-date=17 January 2026}} especially steep mountain, in some later [[Latin]] glossaries translated as "[[Alps|alp]]", etc |
The [[English language|English]] word "fell", including [[Scots language|Scots]] {{lang|sco|fell}}, comes from [[Old Norse]] {{lang|non|fell}} (in [[Middle English]] {{lang|enm|fell}}, {{lang|enm|felle}}) with the same or similar meaning as its descendants. Its root meaning is "[[mountain]]",{{cite book |last1=Cleasby |first1=Richard |last2=Vigfússon |first2=Guðbrandur |last3=Dasent |first3=George Webbe |title=An Icelandic-English dictionary, based on the ms. collections of the late Richard Cleasby. Enl. and completed by Gudbrand Vigfússon. With an introd. and life of Richard Cleasby by George Webbe Dasent |date=1874 |publisher=Oxford Clarendon Press |page=156 |url=https://archive.org/details/icelandicenglish00cleauoft/page/156/mode/2up |access-date=17 January 2026}} especially steep mountain, in some later [[Latin]] glossaries translated as "[[Alps|alp]]", etc; however, its descendants in English and Swedish, etc, both independently refer to "open mountain landscapes" of similar nature, indicating a common ancestral sense. [[Old Swedish]] sources often use the word in regards to high mountains or the [[Scandinavian Mountains]], etc,{{runeberg |filename=svmtsprk/1 |htmlno=0264 |name=fiäl (fiel. fiäll)}} and in later Swedish the given base definition is "landscape above the [[tree line]]", etc.{{cite web |title=SAOB fjäll sbst.1 |url=https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_0663-0031.pwYK&pz=3 |website=saob.se |publisher=[[Swedish Academy]] |access-date=2025-11-28}} The 1956 [[Scottish National Dictionary]] gives the definitions for {{lang|sco|fell}} in both [[Scots language|Scots]] and dialectal English during the 18th–19th century as: "a hill, especially a rocky, rather precipitous hill (1808); a tract of hill-moor; a level piece of ground on the side or top of a hill (1825, [[Perthshire]])".{{cite web |title=FELL, n.2 |url=https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/fell_n2 |website=dsl.ac.uk |publisher=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–) |access-date=2025-12-02}} |
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Scots forms found in place-names includes: [[Shetland dialect|Shetlandic]] ''fiel'' and ''field'', and [[Orcadian dialect|Orcadian]] ''fiold''. The Orcadian form {{lang|sco|fiold}} is also found independently as "a hill; upland pasturage" (1887), especially in [[Rousay]] (1942).{{cite web |title=FIOLD, n. |url=https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/fiold |website=dsl.ac.uk |publisher=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–) |access-date=2025-12-02}} These probably stem from a [[Norn language|Norn]] form akin to {{lang|nrn|*fiel}} but may have intermixed with English "field", as given for the [[Danish language|Danish]] cognate {{lang|da|fjeld}} in the dictionary ''{{ILL|Den Danske Ordbog|da}}'',{{cite web |title=fjeld substantiv, intetkøn |url=https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=fjeld |website=ordnet.dk |publisher=[[Den Danske Ordbog]] |access-date=2025-12-02}} or an Old Norse analog, etc. The Norse cognate to English "field" is listed in the [[Svenska Akademiens ordbok|Swedish Academy's dictionary]] (SAOB) as [[Old Swedish]] ''fiælder'' ({{langx|non|*fieldr}}), to the stem ''fiæll-'', modern {{langx|sv|fjäll}}, meaning "plot, divided piece of land". |
Scots forms found in place-names includes: [[Shetland dialect|Shetlandic]] ''fiel'' and ''field'', and [[Orcadian dialect|Orcadian]] ''fiold''. The Orcadian form {{lang|sco|fiold}} is also found independently as "a hill; upland pasturage" (1887), especially in [[Rousay]] (1942).{{cite web |title=FIOLD, n. |url=https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/fiold |website=dsl.ac.uk |publisher=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–) |access-date=2025-12-02}} These probably stem from a [[Norn language|Norn]] form akin to {{lang|nrn|*fiel}} but may have intermixed with English "field", as given for the [[Danish language|Danish]] cognate {{lang|da|fjeld}} in the dictionary ''{{ILL|Den Danske Ordbog|da}}'',{{cite web |title=fjeld substantiv, intetkøn |url=https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=fjeld |website=ordnet.dk |publisher=[[Den Danske Ordbog]] |access-date=2025-12-02}} or an Old Norse analog, etc. The Norse cognate to English "field" is listed in the [[Svenska Akademiens ordbok|Swedish Academy's dictionary]] (SAOB) as [[Old Swedish]] ''fiælder'' ({{langx|non|*fieldr}}), to the stem ''fiæll-'', modern {{langx|sv|fjäll}}, meaning "plot, divided piece of land". |
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