Colic flexures

Apr 21, 2026 - 06:24
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Colic flexures

Fixed references. Please see Category:CS1 errors: dates.

← Previous revision Revision as of 00:53, 21 April 2026
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|Artery=[[Right colic artery]] (right flexure), and [[left colic artery]] (left flexure)}}
|Artery=[[Right colic artery]] (right flexure), and [[left colic artery]] (left flexure)}}


In the [[anatomy]] of the human [[digestive tract]], there are two '''colic flexures''', or curvatures in the [[transverse colon]]. The right colic flexure is also known as the '''hepatic flexure''', and the left colic flexure is also known as the '''splenic flexure'''.{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Jeremy |title=Transverse colon {{!}} Radiology Reference Article {{!}} Radiopaedia.org |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/transverse-colon?lang=gb |website=Radiopaedia |date=17 March 2009 |access-date=2 January 2022}} There are colic flexures between adjacent segments of the colon, which can interfere with the course of a colonoscopy.{{Cite journal |last=Wozniak |first=Slawomir |last2=Pawlus |first2=Aleksander |last3=Grzelak |first3=Joanna |last4=Chobotow |first4=Slawomir |last5=Paulsen |first5=Friedrich |last6=Olchowy |first6=Cyprian |last7=Zaleska-Dorobisz |first7=Urszula |date=2023-01 |title=Acute colonic flexures: the basis for developing an artificial intelligence-based tool for predicting the course of colonoscopy |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12565-022-00681-8 |journal=Anatomical Science International |language=en |volume=98 |issue=1 |pages=136–142 |doi=10.1007/s12565-022-00681-8 |issn=1447-6959}} Some authors consider it necessary to clarify and recognize the terminology related to „colic flexures”. {{Cite journal |last=Wozniak |first=Slawomir |last2=Quondamatteo |first2=Fabio |last3=Paulsen |first3=Friedrich |date=2023-04 |title=“Flexures and bends of the large intestine: Current terminology and a suggestion to simplify it” |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.13800 |journal=Journal of Anatomy |language=en |volume=242 |issue=4 |pages=695–700 |doi=10.1111/joa.13800 |issn=0021-8782}}
In the [[anatomy]] of the human [[digestive tract]], there are two '''colic flexures''', or curvatures in the [[transverse colon]]. The right colic flexure is also known as the '''hepatic flexure''', and the left colic flexure is also known as the '''splenic flexure'''.{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Jeremy |title=Transverse colon |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/transverse-colon?lang=gb |website=Radiopaedia |date=17 March 2009 |access-date=2 January 2022}} There are colic flexures between adjacent segments of the colon, which can interfere with the course of a colonoscopy.{{Cite journal |last=Wozniak |first=Slawomir |last2=Pawlus |first2=Aleksander |last3=Grzelak |first3=Joanna |last4=Chobotow |first4=Slawomir |last5=Paulsen |first5=Friedrich |last6=Olchowy |first6=Cyprian |last7=Zaleska-Dorobisz |first7=Urszula |date=January 2023 |title=Acute colonic flexures: the basis for developing an artificial intelligence-based tool for predicting the course of colonoscopy |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12565-022-00681-8 |journal=Anatomical Science International |language=en |volume=98 |issue=1 |pages=136–142 |doi=10.1007/s12565-022-00681-8 |issn=1447-6959}} Some authors consider it necessary to clarify and recognize the terminology related to „colic flexures”.{{Cite journal |last=Wozniak |first=Slawomir |last2=Quondamatteo |first2=Fabio |last3=Paulsen |first3=Friedrich |date=April 2023 |title=Flexures and bends of the large intestine: Current terminology and a suggestion to simplify it |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.13800 |journal=Journal of Anatomy |language=en |volume=242 |issue=4 |pages=695–700 |doi=10.1111/joa.13800 |issn=0021-8782}}


==Structure==
==Structure==
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The splenic flexure is the last and highest positioned flexure in the colon. Gas can build up at this flexure and give abdominal pain giving rise to a condition known as '''splenic flexure syndrome'''. Splenic flexure syndrome is often found in those with [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), and is considered by some practitioners to be a type of IBS since it can also result from stress.{{cite web |title=What Is the Splenic Flexure? |url=https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-the-splenic-flexure |website=WebMD |access-date=2 January 2022 |language=en}}
The splenic flexure is the last and highest positioned flexure in the colon. Gas can build up at this flexure and give abdominal pain giving rise to a condition known as '''splenic flexure syndrome'''. Splenic flexure syndrome is often found in those with [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), and is considered by some practitioners to be a type of IBS since it can also result from stress.{{cite web |title=What Is the Splenic Flexure? |url=https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-the-splenic-flexure |website=WebMD |access-date=2 January 2022 |language=en}}


The splenic flexure is a [[watershed area (medical)|watershed region]] as it receives dual blood supply from the terminal branches of the [[superior mesenteric artery]] and the [[inferior mesenteric artery]], thus making it prone to ischemic damage in cases of [[hypotension|low blood pressure]] because it does not have its own primary source of blood. In the context of [[bowel ischemia]] in particular [[ischemic colitis]], the splenic flexure is sometimes referred to as '''Griffith's point''', along with the upper [[rectum]] ([[Sudeck's point]]).{{cite web |last1=Dixon |first1=Andrew |title=Griffiths point {{!}} Radiology Reference Article {{!}} Radiopaedia.org |url=https://images.radiopaedia.org/articles/griffiths-point-2 |website=Radiopaedia |access-date=2 January 2022}}{{Cite book |last1=Amini |first1=Afshin |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537294/ |title=Bowel Ischemia |last2=Nagalli |first2=Shivaraj |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-0128202199 |location=Treasure Island (FL) |pmid=32119414 |access-date=2025-10-17}}
The splenic flexure is a [[watershed area (medical)|watershed region]] as it receives dual blood supply from the terminal branches of the [[superior mesenteric artery]] and the [[inferior mesenteric artery]], thus making it prone to ischemic damage in cases of [[hypotension|low blood pressure]] because it does not have its own primary source of blood. In the context of [[bowel ischemia]] in particular [[ischemic colitis]], the splenic flexure is sometimes referred to as '''Griffith's point''', along with the upper [[rectum]] ([[Sudeck's point]]).{{cite web |last1=Dixon |first1=Andrew |title=Griffiths point |url=https://images.radiopaedia.org/articles/griffiths-point-2 |website=Radiopaedia |access-date=2 January 2022}}{{Cite book |last1=Amini |first1=Afshin |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537294/ |title=Bowel Ischemia |last2=Nagalli |first2=Shivaraj |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |year=2021 |isbn=978-0128202199 |location=Treasure Island (FL) |pmid=32119414 |access-date=2025-10-17}}


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
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