Ball-pen probe

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Ball-pen probe

← Previous revision Revision as of 16:19, 20 April 2026
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A '''ball-pen probe''' is a modified [[Langmuir probe]] used to measure the [[plasma potential]] in magnetized plasmas. The ball-pen probe balances the electron and ion saturation currents, so that its floating potential is equal to the plasma potential. Because electrons have a much smaller [[gyroradius]] than ions, a moving ceramic shield can be used to screen off an adjustable part of the electron current from the probe collector.
A '''ball-pen probe''' is a modified [[Langmuir probe]] used to measure the [[plasma potential]] in magnetized plasmas. The ball-pen probe balances the electron and ion saturation currents, so that its floating potential is equal to the plasma potential. Because electrons have a much smaller [[gyroradius]] than ions, a moving ceramic shield can be used to screen off an adjustable part of the electron current from the probe collector.


Ball-pen probes are used in plasma physics, notably in [[tokamak]]s such as CASTOR, (Czech Academy of Sciences Torus) [[ASDEX Upgrade]], [[COMPASS tokamak|COMPASS]], [[ISTTOK]], [[Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak|MAST]], TJ-K,{{cite web | url=http://www.igvp.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/projekte-pd/tjk.en.html | title=Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics | Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology | University of Stuttgart | date=13 September 2023 }} RFX,{{Cite web |url=http://www.igi.cnr.it/ |title=Welcome to Consorzio RFX site |access-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901010034/http://www.igi.cnr.it/ |archive-date=2009-09-01 }} [[H-1NF|H-1 Heliac]], IR-T1, GOLEM as well as low temperature devices as DC cylindrical magnetron in [[Prague]] and linear magnetized plasma devices in [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] and [[Ljubljana]].{{excessive citations inline|date=February 2024}}
Ball-pen probes are used in plasma physics, notably in [[tokamak]]s such as CASTOR, (Czech Academy of Sciences Torus) [[ASDEX Upgrade]], [[COMPASS tokamak|COMPASS]], [[ISTTOK]], [[Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak|MAST]], TJ-K,{{cite web | url=http://www.igvp.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/projekte-pd/tjk.en.html | title=Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics | Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology | University of Stuttgart | date=13 September 2023 }} RFX,{{Cite web |url=http://www.igi.cnr.it/ |title=Welcome to Consorzio RFX site |access-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901010034/http://www.igi.cnr.it/ |archive-date=2009-09-01 }} [[H-1NF|H-1 Heliac]], IR-T1, GOLEM as well as low temperature devices as DC cylindrical magnetron in [[Prague]] and linear magnetized plasma devices in [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] and [[Ljubljana]].{{excessive citations inline|date=February 2024}}


== Principle==
== Principle==
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{{cite journal |last=Adamek |first=J. |author2=J. Seidl |author3=J. Horacek |author4=M. Komm |author5=T. Eich |author6=R. Panek |author7=J. Cavalier |author8=A. Devitre |author9=M. Peterka |author10=P. Vondracek |author11=J. Stöckel |author12=D. Sestak |author13=O. Grover |author14=P. Bilkova |author15=P. Böhm |author16=J. Varju |author17=A. Havranek |author18=V. Weinzettl |author19=J. Lovell |author20=M. Dimitrova |author21=K. Mitosinkova |author22=R. Dejarnac |author23=M. Hron |year=2017 |title=Electron temperature and heat load measurements in the COMPASS divertor using the new system of probes |journal=Nuclear Fusion |volume=57 |number=11 |page=116017 |doi=10.1088/1741-4326/aa7e09 |bibcode=2017NucFu..57k6017A |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-002D-BA59-3 |s2cid=125143428 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3495879 |hdl-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{cite journal |last=Adamek |first=J. |author2=J. Seidl |author3=J. Horacek |author4=M. Komm |author5=T. Eich |author6=R. Panek |author7=J. Cavalier |author8=A. Devitre |author9=M. Peterka |author10=P. Vondracek |author11=J. Stöckel |author12=D. Sestak |author13=O. Grover |author14=P. Bilkova |author15=P. Böhm |author16=J. Varju |author17=A. Havranek |author18=V. Weinzettl |author19=J. Lovell |author20=M. Dimitrova |author21=K. Mitosinkova |author22=R. Dejarnac |author23=M. Hron |year=2017 |title=Electron temperature and heat load measurements in the COMPASS divertor using the new system of probes |journal=Nuclear Fusion |volume=57 |number=11 |page=116017 |doi=10.1088/1741-4326/aa7e09 |bibcode=2017NucFu..57k6017A |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-002D-BA59-3 |s2cid=125143428 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3495879 |hdl-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

J. Adamek, J. Seidl, R. Panek, M. Komm, P. Vondracek, J. Stöckel. "Fast measurements of the electron temperature in divertor region of the COMPASS tokamak using ball-pen probe", 42nd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, lisbon, P4.101 [http://ocs.ciemat.es/EPS2015PAP/pdf/P4.101.pdf]


{{cite journal|last=Silva|first=C. |author2=J. Adamek |author3=H. Fernandes |author4=H. Figueiredo |year=2015|title=Comparison of fluctuations properties measured by Langmuir and ball-pen probes in the ISTTOK boundary plasma|journal=Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion|volume=57|issue=2|article-number=025003|doi=10.1088/0741-3335/57/2/025003|bibcode=2015PPCF...57b5003S|citeseerx=10.1.1.691.3443 |s2cid=59151012 }}
{{cite journal|last=Silva|first=C. |author2=J. Adamek |author3=H. Fernandes |author4=H. Figueiredo |year=2015|title=Comparison of fluctuations properties measured by Langmuir and ball-pen probes in the ISTTOK boundary plasma|journal=Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion|volume=57|issue=2|article-number=025003|doi=10.1088/0741-3335/57/2/025003|bibcode=2015PPCF...57b5003S|citeseerx=10.1.1.691.3443 |s2cid=59151012 }}
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{{cite journal|last=Adamek|first=Jiri |author2=Matej Peterka |author3=Tomaz Gyergyek |author4=Pavel Kudrna |author5=Mirko Ramisch |author6=Ulrich Stroth |author7=Jordan Cavalier |author8=Milan Tichy|year=2013|title=Application of the ball-pen probe in two low-temperature magnetised plasma devices and in torsatron TJ-K|journal=Contributions to Plasma Physics|volume=53 |issue=1|pages=39–44|doi=10.1002/ctpp.201310007|bibcode=2013CoPP...53...39A|s2cid=120969312 }}
{{cite journal|last=Adamek|first=Jiri |author2=Matej Peterka |author3=Tomaz Gyergyek |author4=Pavel Kudrna |author5=Mirko Ramisch |author6=Ulrich Stroth |author7=Jordan Cavalier |author8=Milan Tichy|year=2013|title=Application of the ball-pen probe in two low-temperature magnetised plasma devices and in torsatron TJ-K|journal=Contributions to Plasma Physics|volume=53 |issue=1|pages=39–44|doi=10.1002/ctpp.201310007|bibcode=2013CoPP...53...39A|s2cid=120969312 }}

{{cite journal|last=Adamek|first=Jiri|author2=J. Adamek |author3=M. Peterka |author4=P. Kudrna |author5=M. Tichy T. |author6=Gyergyek |year=2012|title=Diagnostics of magnetized low temperature plasma by ball-pen probe |journal=Nukleonika|volume=57|number=2|pages=297–300 |url=http://www.nukleonika.pl/www/back/full/vol57_2012/v57n2p297f.pdf}}


{{cite journal|last=Zanaska|first=Michal|author2=J. Adamek |author3=M. Peterka |author4=P. Kudrna |author5=M. Tichy |year=2015|title=Comparative measurements of plasma potential with ball-pen and Langmuir probe in low-temperature magnetized plasma|journal=Physics of Plasmas|volume=22|issue=3|page=033516|doi=10.1063/1.4916572|bibcode=2015PhPl...22c3516Z}}
{{cite journal|last=Zanaska|first=Michal|author2=J. Adamek |author3=M. Peterka |author4=P. Kudrna |author5=M. Tichy |year=2015|title=Comparative measurements of plasma potential with ball-pen and Langmuir probe in low-temperature magnetized plasma|journal=Physics of Plasmas|volume=22|issue=3|page=033516|doi=10.1063/1.4916572|bibcode=2015PhPl...22c3516Z}}
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