Bahamian pineyards
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== Threats == |
== Threats == |
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Increased logging of junipers after colonization and the pines themselves after the 20th century has again lead to a decline in the extent of the pineyards, which has been compounded by [[invasive species]] such as the [[Casuarina equisetifolia|beach sheoak]] (''Casuarina equisetifolia'') and the increasing frequency of hurricanes due to [[climate change]]; Hurricanes [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]], [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]], and especially [[Hurricane Dorian|Dorian]] have all dealt massive, lasting damage to the pineyards. At least one species of [[bird]], the Bahama nuthatch (''Sitta insularis'') may have been driven to extinction in 2019 as a result of Hurricanes [[Hurricane Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Hurricane Dorian|Dorian]]; a distinct population of the [[Bahama oriole]] from [[Abaco Islands|Abaco]] was also extirpated in the 1990s following [[Hurricane Andrew]].{{cite news|title=Hurricane Dorian May Have Caused a Critically Endangered Bird to Go Extinct|url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/hurricane-dorian-may-have-caused-a-critically-endangere-1837849857|archive-date=2023-07-03|access-date=2021-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703125102/https://gizmodo.com/hurricane-dorian-may-have-caused-a-critically-endangere-1837849857}}{{Cite web|title=Bahama Oriole|url=https://abcbirds.org/bird/bahama-oriole/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=American Bird Conservancy|language=en}} Evidence indicates that tropical hardwood forests such as the ones that formerly covered the Bahamas are naturally much more resilient to hurricane damage than pine-dominated ones; due to this, the special vulnerability of the pineyards ecosystem to climatic extremes may be due to its anthropogenic origin. |
Increased logging of junipers after colonization and the pines themselves after the 20th century has again lead to a decline in the extent of the pineyards, which has been compounded by [[invasive species]] such as the [[Casuarina equisetifolia|beach sheoak]] (''Casuarina equisetifolia'') and the increasing frequency of hurricanes due to [[climate change]]; Hurricanes [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]], [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]], and especially [[Hurricane Dorian|Dorian]] have all dealt massive, lasting damage to the pineyards. At least one species of [[bird]], the Bahama nuthatch (''Sitta insularis'') may have been driven to extinction in 2019 as a result of Hurricanes [[Hurricane Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Hurricane Dorian|Dorian]]; a distinct population of the [[Bahama oriole]] from [[Abaco Islands|Abaco]] was also extirpated in the 1990s following [[Hurricane Andrew]].{{cite news|title=Hurricane Dorian May Have Caused a Critically Endangered Bird to Go Extinct|url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/hurricane-dorian-may-have-caused-a-critically-endangere-1837849857|archive-date=2023-07-03|access-date=2021-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703125102/https://gizmodo.com/hurricane-dorian-may-have-caused-a-critically-endangere-1837849857}}{{Cite web|title=Bahama Oriole|url=https://abcbirds.org/bird/bahama-oriole/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=American Bird Conservancy|language=en}} Evidence indicates that tropical hardwood forests such as the ones that formerly covered the Bahamas are naturally much more resilient to hurricane damage than pine-dominated ones; due to this, the special vulnerability of the pineyards ecosystem to climatic extremes may be due to its anthropogenic origin. |
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==Gallery== |
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File:Submaritime pineyard - Great Abaco, Bahamas - March 2026.jpg|Submaritime pineyard, [[Great Abaco]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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