Timaeus (dialogue)

The ''Timaeus'' was translated into Latin first by [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]] around 45 BC (sections 27d–47b),Cicero's version can be found at http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/cicero_timaeus.html and later by [[Calcidius]] in the 4th century AD (up to section 53c). Cicero's fragmentary translation was highly influential in late antiquity, especially on Latin-speaking Church Fathers such as Saint [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]] who did not appear to have access to the original Greek dialogue.{{Cite book|title=Plato's Timaeus and the Latin Tradition|last=Hoenig|first=Christina|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|pages=220}} The manuscript production and preservation of Cicero's ''Timaeus'' (among many other Latin philosophical works) is largely due to the works of monastic scholars, especially at [[Corbie Abbey|Corbie]] in North-East France during the [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] Period.{{Cite book|title=Corbie in the Carolingian Renaissance|last=Ganz|first=David|year=1990|location=Paris, France|publisher=Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen}}

The ''Timaeus'' was translated into Latin first by [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]] around 45 BC (sections 27d–47b),Cicero's version can be found at http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/cicero_timaeus.html and later by [[Calcidius]] in the 4th century AD (up to section 53c). Cicero's fragmentary translation was highly influential in late antiquity, especially on Latin-speaking Church Fathers such as Saint [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]] who did not appear to have access to the original Greek dialogue.{{Cite book|title=Plato's Timaeus and the Latin Tradition|last=Hoenig|first=Christina|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|pages=220}} The manuscript production and preservation of Cicero's ''Timaeus'' (among many other Latin philosophical works) is largely due to the works of monastic scholars, especially at [[Corbie Abbey|Corbie]] in North-East France during the [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] Period.{{Cite book|title=Corbie in the Carolingian Renaissance|last=Ganz|first=David|year=1990|location=Paris, France|publisher=Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen}}

Calcidius's more extensive translation of the ''Timaeus'' had a strong influence on medieval [[Neoplatonic]] cosmology and was commented on particularly by 12th-century Christian philosophers of the [[Chartres School]], such as [[Thierry of Chartres]] and [[William of Conches]], who, interpreting it in the light of the Christian faith, understood the dialogue to refer to a [[creatio ex nihilo]].{{cite book | author=Stiefel, Tina | title=The Intellectual Revolution in Twelfth Century Europe | publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] | location=New York | date=1985 | isbn=978-0-312-41892-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/intellectualrevo00stie }} Calcidius himself never explicitly linked the Platonic creation myth in the ''Timaeus'' with the Old Testament creation story in Genesis in his commentary on the dialogue.{{Cite book|title=On Plato's Timaeus. Calcidius.|last=Magee|first=John|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2016|pages=viii–xi}}

Calcidius's more extensive translation of the ''Timaeus'' had a strong influence on medieval [[Neoplatonic]] cosmology and was commented on particularly by 12th-century Christian philosophers of the [[Chartres School]], such as [[Thierry of Chartres]] and [[William of Conches]], who, interpreting it in the light of the Christian faith, understood the dialogue to refer to a [[creatio ex nihilo]].{{cite book | author=Stiefel, Tina | title=The Intellectual Revolution in Twelfth Century Europe | publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] | location=New York | date=1985 | isbn=978-0-312-41892-2 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/intellectualrevo00stie }} Calcidius himself never explicitly linked the Platonic creation account in the ''Timaeus'' with the Old Testament's own in Genesis in his commentary on the dialogue.{{Cite book|title=On Plato's Timaeus. Calcidius.|last=Magee|first=John|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2016|pages=viii–xi}}

Although there is no evidence that any of Plato's works were translated into Arabic during the medieval era, the dialogue was still highly influential in Arabic-speaking regions beginning in the 10th century AD, albeit indirectly, via a translation by the Syrian Nestorian Christian [[Hunayn ibn Ishaq]] (809 – 873 AD) of a synopsis of the work by [[Galen]], which is still extant. The ''Catalogue'' (fihrist) of [[Ibn al-Nadim|Ibn al-Nadīm]] provides some evidence for an early translation by [[Eutychius of Alexandria|Ibn al-Bitriq]] ([[Al-Kindi|Al-Kindī]]'s circle) of this synopsis.{{Cite thesis| url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/61917/|title=Galen and the Arabic traditions of Plato's Timaeus|date=September 2013|publisher=University of Warwick|type=phd|last1=Das|first1=Aileen R.}}

Although there is no evidence that any of Plato's works were translated into Arabic during the medieval era, the dialogue was still highly influential in Arabic-speaking regions beginning in the 10th century AD, albeit indirectly, via a translation by the Syrian Nestorian Christian [[Hunayn ibn Ishaq]] (809 – 873 AD) of a synopsis of the work by [[Galen]], which is still extant. The ''Catalogue'' (fihrist) of [[Ibn al-Nadim|Ibn al-Nadīm]] provides some evidence for an early translation by [[Eutychius of Alexandria|Ibn al-Bitriq]] ([[Al-Kindi|Al-Kindī]]'s circle) of this synopsis.{{Cite thesis| url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/61917/|title=Galen and the Arabic traditions of Plato's Timaeus|date=September 2013|publisher=University of Warwick|type=phd|last1=Das|first1=Aileen R.}}