Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals
Removed irrelevant detail
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Evolutionary principles have predicted that the reward system is part of the proximate mechanism underlying the behavior. Because animals possess a brain reward system they are motivated to perform in different ways by desire and reinforced by pleasure.{{cite book|last=Griffin|first=D|title=Question of animal awareness: Evolutionary continuity of mental experience|url=https://archive.org/details/questionofanimal00grif|url-access=registration|year=1981|publisher=William Kaufmann Inc|location=New York|isbn=978-0-86576-002-8}} Animals establish security of food, shelter, social contact, and mating because proximate mechanism, if they do not seek these necessities they will not survive.{{cite journal|last=Hedricks|first=A|title=The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: Hypotheses and tests|journal= Trends in Ecology & Evolution|year=1989|volume=4|issue=5|pages=136–138|url=http://www.amherst.edu/~ejtemele/Hedrick%20and%20Temeles%201989%20TREE.pdf |doi=10.1016/0169-5347(89)90212-7|pmid=21227335|bibcode=1989TEcoE...4..136H|s2cid=205079438}} |
Evolutionary principles have predicted that the reward system is part of the proximate mechanism underlying the behavior. Because animals possess a brain reward system they are motivated to perform in different ways by desire and reinforced by pleasure.{{cite book|last=Griffin|first=D|title=Question of animal awareness: Evolutionary continuity of mental experience|url=https://archive.org/details/questionofanimal00grif|url-access=registration|year=1981|publisher=William Kaufmann Inc|location=New York|isbn=978-0-86576-002-8}} Animals establish security of food, shelter, social contact, and mating because proximate mechanism, if they do not seek these necessities they will not survive.{{cite journal|last=Hedricks|first=A|title=The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: Hypotheses and tests|journal= Trends in Ecology & Evolution|year=1989|volume=4|issue=5|pages=136–138|url=http://www.amherst.edu/~ejtemele/Hedrick%20and%20Temeles%201989%20TREE.pdf |doi=10.1016/0169-5347(89)90212-7|pmid=21227335|bibcode=1989TEcoE...4..136H|s2cid=205079438}} |
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All vertebrates share similarities in body structure; they all have a skeleton, a nervous system, a circulatory system, a digestive system and excretory system |
All vertebrates share similarities in body structure; they all have a skeleton, a nervous system, a circulatory system, a digestive system and excretory system. Neurophysiologists have not found any fundamental difference between the structure and function of neurons and synapse between humans and other animals. |
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=== Case study === |
=== Case study === |
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