Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Australia
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'''Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Australia''' is a major health issue. [[Alzheimer's disease]] is the most common type of [[dementia]] in Australia. Dementia is an ever-increasing challenge as the population ages and life expectancy increases. As a consequence, there is an expected increase in the number of people with dementia, posing countless challenges to carers and the health and aged care systems. In 2018, an estimated 376,000 people had dementia; this number is expected to increase to 550,000 by 2030 and nearly triple to 900,000 by 2050. The dementia death rate is increasing, resulting in the shift from fourth to second leading cause of death from 2006 to 2015. It is expected to become the leading cause of death over the next number of years. In 2011, it was the fourth leading cause of disease burden and third leading cause of disability burden. This is expected to remain the same until at least 2020. |
'''Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Australia''' is a major health issue. [[Alzheimer's disease]] is the most common type of [[dementia]] in Australia. Dementia is an ever-increasing challenge as the population ages and life expectancy increases. As a consequence, there is an expected increase in the number of people with dementia, posing countless challenges to [[Dementia caregiving|carers]] and the health and aged care systems. In 2018, an estimated 376,000 people had dementia; this number is expected to increase to 550,000 by 2030 and nearly triple to 900,000 by 2050. The dementia death rate is increasing, resulting in the shift from fourth to second leading cause of death from 2006 to 2015. It is expected to become the leading cause of death over the next number of years. In 2011, it was the fourth leading cause of disease burden and third leading cause of disability burden. This is expected to remain the same until at least 2020. |
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Dementia primarily affects older people, approximately 95% of all dementia deaths occur after the age of 74. People aged 75 and over accounted for the majority (72%) of the burden due to dementia. It was the leading cause of death for women and third leading cause of death for men. There is a sex bias, as women have higher mortality rates, morbidity and burden of dementia than men. In 2018, 61% of people with dementia were women. The rate of dementia differs between population subgroups. [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders|Torres Strait Islander]] people experience risk factors and prevalence at a higher and earlier rate than non-indigenous Australians. |
Dementia primarily affects older people, approximately 95% of all dementia deaths occur after the age of 74. People aged 75 and over accounted for the majority (72%) of the burden due to dementia. It was the leading cause of death for women and third leading cause of death for men. There is a sex bias, as women have higher mortality rates, morbidity and burden of dementia than men. In 2018, 61% of people with dementia were women. The rate of dementia differs between population subgroups. [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders|Torres Strait Islander]] people experience risk factors and prevalence at a higher and earlier rate than non-indigenous Australians. |
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Dementia and Alzheimer's disease poses a significant financial burden to Australia. In 2011, the cost to Australia was an estimated $11.8 billion.{{Cite journal|last1=Standfield|first1=Lachlan|last2=Comans|first2=Tracy|last3=Scuffham|first3=Paul A.|date=2018|title=Simulation of health care and related costs in people with dementia in Australia|journal=Australian Health Review|volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=531–539 |doi=10.1071/ah18022|pmid=30244690|issn=0156-5788|doi-access=free}} The total costs increased in 2016, to an estimated $14.25 billion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dementia.org.au/costofdementia|title=Economic cost of dementia in Australia : 2016-2056|website=www.dementia.org.au|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}} Future costs are projected to increase to an estimated $33.6 billion in 2050 (estimated from 2013–2014 total costs). Healthcare and related costs are rapidly rising with residential aged care and hospitalisation costs as the primary direct costs. The types of costs associated with residential aged care and hospitalisation costs are the care recipient's expenditure, federal government expenditure and residential aged care capital and maintenance costs. The care recipient's expenditure or patient expenditure can include housing payments, basic daily fees and additional service fees. Other associated costs include anti-dementia medications, transport, palliative care, alternative medications and therapies. |
Dementia and Alzheimer's disease poses a significant financial burden to Australia. In 2011, the cost to Australia was an estimated $11.8 billion.{{Cite journal|last1=Standfield|first1=Lachlan|last2=Comans|first2=Tracy|last3=Scuffham|first3=Paul A.|date=2018|title=Simulation of health care and related costs in people with dementia in Australia|journal=Australian Health Review|volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=531–539 |doi=10.1071/ah18022|pmid=30244690|issn=0156-5788|doi-access=free}} The total costs increased in 2016, to an estimated $14.25 billion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dementia.org.au/costofdementia|title=Economic cost of dementia in Australia : 2016-2056|website=www.dementia.org.au|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}} Future costs are projected to increase to an estimated $33.6 billion in 2050 (estimated from 2013–2014 total costs). Healthcare and related costs are rapidly rising with residential aged care and hospitalisation costs as the primary direct costs. The types of costs associated with residential aged care and hospitalisation costs are the care recipient's expenditure, federal government expenditure and residential aged care capital and maintenance costs. The care recipient's expenditure or patient expenditure can include housing payments, basic daily fees and additional service fees. Other associated costs include anti-dementia medications, transport, palliative care, alternative medications and therapies. |
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Dementia and Alzheimer's disease poses a significant social burden and cost to the Australian population, particularly to the people with dementia, their carers, family and friends. Australian family carers of people living with dementia often experience social exclusion and a reduced or removed capacity to work.{{Cite journal|last1=Nay|first1=Rhonda|last2=Bauer|first2=Michael|last3=Fetherstonhaugh|first3=Deirdre|last4=Moyle|first4=Wendy|last5=Tarzia|first5=Laura|last6=McAuliffe|first6=Linda|date=2014-12-04|title=Social participation and family carers of people living with dementia in Australia|journal=Health & Social Care in the Community|volume=23|issue=5|pages=550–558|doi=10.1111/hsc.12163|pmid=25471283|issn=0966-0410|doi-access=free}} People with dementia living in Australian residential care, often have significantly worse activities of daily living (Modified Barthel index) and fewer weekly social interactions than people without dementia.{{Cite journal|last1=Gnanamanickam|first1=Emmanuel S.|last2=Dyer|first2=Suzanne M.|last3=Milte|first3=Rachel|last4=Harrison|first4=Stephanie L.|last5=Liu|first5=Enwu|last6=Easton|first6=Tiffany|last7=Bradley|first7=Clare|last8=Bilton|first8=Rebecca|last9=Shulver|first9=Wendy|date=2018-01-02|title=Direct health and residential care costs of people living with dementia in Australian residential aged care|journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry|volume=33|issue=7|pages=859–866|doi=10.1002/gps.4842|pmid=29292541 |pmc=6032872 |issn=0885-6230|doi-access=free}} |
Dementia and Alzheimer's disease poses a significant social burden and cost to the Australian population, particularly to the people with dementia, their carers, family and friends. Australian [[Family caregivers|family carers]] of people living with dementia often experience [[social exclusion]] and a reduced or removed capacity to work.{{Cite journal|last1=Nay|first1=Rhonda|last2=Bauer|first2=Michael|last3=Fetherstonhaugh|first3=Deirdre|last4=Moyle|first4=Wendy|last5=Tarzia|first5=Laura|last6=McAuliffe|first6=Linda|date=2014-12-04|title=Social participation and family carers of people living with dementia in Australia|journal=Health & Social Care in the Community|volume=23|issue=5|pages=550–558|doi=10.1111/hsc.12163|pmid=25471283|issn=0966-0410|doi-access=free}} People with dementia living in Australian residential care, often have significantly worse activities of daily living (Modified Barthel index) and fewer weekly social interactions than people without dementia.{{Cite journal|last1=Gnanamanickam|first1=Emmanuel S.|last2=Dyer|first2=Suzanne M.|last3=Milte|first3=Rachel|last4=Harrison|first4=Stephanie L.|last5=Liu|first5=Enwu|last6=Easton|first6=Tiffany|last7=Bradley|first7=Clare|last8=Bilton|first8=Rebecca|last9=Shulver|first9=Wendy|date=2018-01-02|title=Direct health and residential care costs of people living with dementia in Australian residential aged care|journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry|volume=33|issue=7|pages=859–866|doi=10.1002/gps.4842|pmid=29292541 |pmc=6032872 |issn=0885-6230|doi-access=free}} |
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== Programs, bodies and initiatives == |
== Programs, bodies and initiatives == |
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