Jacob ben Abraham Zaddiq

Zaddiq was a Portuguese-Jewish banker and merchant{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5RdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 |pages=103–12 |title=Portraying the Land: Hebrew Maps of the Land of Israel from Rashi to the Early 20th Century |first=Rehav |last=Rubin |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2018 |isbn=9783110570656}}{{Cite web |title=JUSTO (ẒADDIḲ), JACOB BEN ABRAHAM - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9098-justo-zaddik-jacob-ben-abraham |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}} whose community moved to Amsterdam following the 1579 [[Union of Utrecht]].{{cite book |title=Mercator's World: The Magazine of Maps, Atlases, Globes, and Charts |publisher=Aster |year=1998 |page=70}} He was married to Gracia da Costa (in Hebrew, Rita Zaddiq) both had come from Hamburg to Amsterdam.{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLtbzqI6I9gC&pg=PA137 |page=137 |title=Sephardi Family Life in the Early Modern Diaspora | editor-first=Julia Rebollo |editor-last=Lieberman |publisher=UPNE |year=2010 |isbn=9781584659433 |chapter=Childhood and Family among the Western Sephardim in the Seventeenth Century|first=Julia Rebollo |last=Lieberman}}

Zaddiq was a Portuguese-Jewish banker and merchant{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5RdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 |pages=103–12 |title=Portraying the Land: Hebrew Maps of the Land of Israel from Rashi to the Early 20th Century |first=Rehav |last=Rubin |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2018 |isbn=9783110570656}}{{Cite web |title=JUSTO (ẒADDIḲ), JACOB BEN ABRAHAM - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9098-justo-zaddik-jacob-ben-abraham |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}} whose community moved to Amsterdam following the 1579 [[Union of Utrecht]].{{cite book |title=Mercator's World: The Magazine of Maps, Atlases, Globes, and Charts |publisher=Aster |year=1998 |page=70}} He was married to Gracia da Costa (in Hebrew, Rita Zaddiq) both had come from Hamburg to Amsterdam.{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLtbzqI6I9gC&pg=PA137 |page=137 |title=Sephardi Family Life in the Early Modern Diaspora | editor-first=Julia Rebollo |editor-last=Lieberman |publisher=UPNE |year=2010 |isbn=9781584659433 |chapter=Childhood and Family among the Western Sephardim in the Seventeenth Century|first=Julia Rebollo |last=Lieberman}}

==Map of Canaan==

==Map of the Land of Israel==

[[File:JacobBenAvraham1621.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Zaddiq's 1620–21 map of the Holy Land]]

[[File:JacobBenAvraham1621.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Zaddiq's 1620–21 map of the Holy Land]]

[[File:Christian van Adrichem 1590 map Situs Terræ Promissionis SS bibliorum intelligentiam exacte aperiens.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Christian van Adrichem]]'s 1590 map which was copied by Zaddiq]]

[[File:Christian van Adrichem 1590 map Situs Terræ Promissionis SS bibliorum intelligentiam exacte aperiens.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Christian van Adrichem]]'s 1590 map which was copied by Zaddiq]]

Zaddiq is responsible, with engraver [[Abraham Goos]], for the first printed map of the Holy Land in Hebrew, printed in 1620/21.{{cite journal |title= La première carte de terre sainte en Hébreu (Amsterdam, 1620/21) |first=M. |last=Garel |journal=[[Studia Rosenthaliana]] |volume=21 |issue=2 |year=1987 |pages=131–39 }} In the framed colophon, in the first line it reads: {{langx|he|ציור מצב ארצות כנען|lit=A Drawing of the Situation of the Lands of Canaan}}

=== Production ===

The map was based on the work of [[Christian Kruik van Adrichem]]. Ellens >{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XckxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |pages=26–46 |title=Bethsaida in Archaeology, History and Ancient Culture: A Festschrift in Honor of John T. Greene |editor-first=J. Harold |editor-last=Ellens |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=9781443861601 |first=Richard |last=Freund |chapter=The Two Bethsaidas}} Zaddiq explains, in the [[colophon (publishing)|colophon]] he prepared for the map, how he copied van Adrichem's map and translated its captions into Hebrew, and that he "carefully checked that every detail would be appropriate for his Jewish audience".{{cite journal |title=A Sixteenth-Century Hebrew Map from Mantua |first=Rehav |last=Rubin |journal=[[Imago Mundi]] |volume=62 |issue=1 |year=2010 |pages=30–45 |jstor=20720527 |doi=10.1080/03085690903319259 |s2cid=161544847 }} Zaddiq made some significant changes to the original map. It contained a number of illustrations of Jesus's life at the appropriate places in Canaan, which Zaddiq removed—details such as a miniature illustrating the [[Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac]] and one for the [[Transfiguration of Jesus]] on [[Mount Tabor]]. On the other hand, he added details appropriate to a Jewish audience, including a number of ships that fly historically important flags: a ship near the Nile delta flies a Muslim flag, signifying the Muslim rule over Egypt, and another off the coast of north Sinai flies the [[Star of David]]. According to Rehav Rubin, "This Jewish element perhaps gives voice to the author's desire to visit Eretz Yisrael or his deep yearning for the reestablishment of the Judean kingdom".

Zaddiq is responsible, with engraver [[Abraham Goos]], for the first printed map of the Holy Land in Hebrew, printed in 1620/21."garel">{{cite journal |title= La première carte de terre sainte en Hébreu (Amsterdam, 1620/21) |first=M. |last=Garel |journal=[[Studia Rosenthaliana]] |volume=21 |issue=2 |year=1987 |pages=131–39 }} In the framed colophon, in the first line it reads: {{langx|he|ציור מצב ארצות כנען|lit=A Drawing of the Situation of the Lands of Canaan}}

The map was based on the work of [[Christian Kruik van Adrichem]]."Ellens">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XckxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |pages=26–46 |title=Bethsaida in Archaeology, History and Ancient Culture: A Festschrift in Honor of John T. Greene |editor-first=J. Harold |editor-last=Ellens |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=9781443861601 |first=Richard |last=Freund |chapter=The Two Bethsaidas}} Zaddiq explains, in the [[colophon (publishing)|colophon]] he prepared for the map, how he copied van Adrichem's map and translated its captions into Hebrew, and that he "carefully checked that every detail would be appropriate for his Jewish audience".{{cite journal |title=A Sixteenth-Century Hebrew Map from Mantua |first=Rehav |last=Rubin |journal=[[Imago Mundi]] |volume=62 |issue=1 |year=2010 |pages=30–45 |jstor=20720527 |doi=10.1080/03085690903319259 |s2cid=161544847 }}

=== Changes ===

Zaddiq made some significant changes to the original map. It contained a number of illustrations of Jesus's life at the appropriate places in Canaan, which Zaddiq removed—details such as a miniature illustrating the [[Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac]] and one for the [[Transfiguration of Jesus]] on [[Mount Tabor]]. On the other hand, he added details appropriate to a Jewish audience, including a number of ships that fly historically important flags: a ship near the Nile delta flies a Muslim flag, signifying the Muslim rule over Egypt, and another off the coast of north Sinai flies the [[Star of David]]. According to Rehav Rubin, "This Jewish element perhaps gives voice to the author's desire to visit Eretz Yisrael or his deep yearning for the reestablishment of the Judean kingdom".

=== Design ===

In a departure from van Adrichem's map, the upper Hebrew caption on Zaddiq's map recites several Hebrew verses, the first one being a partial quote from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:15|HE}}; the second verse being a partial quote from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:2|HE}}; the third verse being a partial quote taken from {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|2:6|HE}}; the fourth verse, where it mentions the "land of the gazelle," is an allusion to {{bibleverse|Ezekiel|20:6|HE}}; the fifth verse is a partial quote taken from {{bibleverse|Exodus|3:8|HE}}; the sixth verse is taken from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:7|HE}}; the seventh verse from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:8|HE}}; the eighth verse being from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|11:12|HE}}; which verse, in turn, is followed by {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|3:19|HE}}.

In a departure from van Adrichem's map, the upper Hebrew caption on Zaddiq's map recites several Hebrew verses, the first one being a partial quote from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:15|HE}}; the second verse being a partial quote from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:2|HE}}; the third verse being a partial quote taken from {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|2:6|HE}}; the fourth verse, where it mentions the "land of the gazelle," is an allusion to {{bibleverse|Ezekiel|20:6|HE}}; the fifth verse is a partial quote taken from {{bibleverse|Exodus|3:8|HE}}; the sixth verse is taken from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:7|HE}}; the seventh verse from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|8:8|HE}}; the eighth verse being from {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|11:12|HE}}; which verse, in turn, is followed by {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|3:19|HE}}.