Crossover (fiction)

``{{Short description|Film and video terminology}}

{{Short description|Film and video terminology}}

{{About|combinations of separate fictional universes in new works|unauthorised adaptations of existing works|Mashup (disambiguation){{!}}Mashup|unauthorised adaptations of existing novels but set in alternative universes|mashup novel}}

{{About|combinations of separate fictional universes in new works|unauthorised adaptations of existing works|Mashup (disambiguation){{!}}Mashup|unauthorised adaptations of existing novels but set in alternative universes|mashup novel}}

{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date = March 2008}}

{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date = March 2008}}

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[[File:King Kong vs. Godzilla US poster.jpg|thumb|A poster for a crossover film, ''[[King Kong vs. Godzilla]]''.]]

A '''crossover''' is the placement of two or more otherwise disBubble Bubble Marin (TV Series 2014– ) - IMDbcrete [Bubble Bubble Marin (TV Series 2014– ) - IMDb[fictiBubble Marinon]]al characters, [[Setting (fiction)|settings]], or [[fictional universe|universes]] into the context of a single [[Narrative|story]]. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant [[copyright]] holders (knoBubble Marinwn as '''intercompany crossovers'''), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by [[fandom|fans]].Bubble Marin

A '''crossover''' is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete [[fiction]]al characters, [[Setting (fiction)|settings]], or [[fictional universe|universes]] into the context of a single [[Narrative|story]]. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant [[copyright]] holders (known as '''intercompany crossovers'''), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by [[fandom|fans]].

This is different from a [[Parody|spoof]], where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.

This is different from a [[Parody|spoof]], where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.

In 2004, [[Shed Productions]] produced a crossover between the TV shows [[Bad Girls (TV series)|Bad Girls]] and [[Footballers' Wives]], where the Footballers' Wives character Tanya Turner was sent to HMP Larkhall in Bad Girls for three episodes of the sixth series from 17th May 2004 to 19th May 2004. In the storyline, Tanya is imprisoned for drug charges after her nemesis Amber planted cocaine in her bag during the third series. Her time in prison involved a mystery poisoning and other dramatic events, ending with her release after making a deal. To mark the crossover Bad Girls aired over three consecutive nights before going on a three month hiatus.{{cite web | title=9 TV show crossovers you'd forgotten happened | website=[[Digital Spy]] | date=4 June 2018 | url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a858658/tv-show-crossovers-forgotten-brooklyn-nine-nine-roseanne/ }}

In 2004, [[Shed Productions]] produced a crossover between the TV shows [[Bad Girls (TV series)|Bad Girls]] and [[Footballers' Wives]], where the Footballers' Wives character Tanya Turner was sent to HMP Larkhall in Bad Girls for three episodes of the sixth series from 17th May 2004 to 19th May 2004. In the storyline, Tanya is imprisoned for drug charges after her nemesis Amber planted cocaine in her bag during the third series. Her time in prison involved a mystery poisoning and other dramatic events, ending with her release after making a deal. To mark the crossover Bad Girls aired over three consecutive nights before going on a three month hiatus.{{cite web | title=9 TV show crossovers you'd forgotten happened | website=[[Digital Spy]] | date=4 June 2018 | url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a858658/tv-show-crossovers-forgotten-brooklyn-nine-nine-roseanne/ }}

In 2006, [[Disney Channel]] produced a crossover between three of their sitcoms titled [[That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana]]. Episode one "Checkin' Out" aired as in the fourth season of [[That's So Raven]]. Episode two, titled "That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana" aired in the second season episode of [[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]. The third and final episode titled "On the Road Again" aired in the first season of [[Hannah Montana]]. The storyline focused on both Raven Baxter and Hannah Montana being guests at the Tipton Hotel.{{cite web|title=Th

In 2006, [[Disney Channel]] produced a crossover between three of their sitcoms titled [[That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana]]. Episode one "Checkin' Out" aired as in the fourth season of [[That's So Raven]]. Episode two, titled "That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana" aired in the second season episode of [[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]. The third and final episode titled "On the Road Again" aired in the first season of [[Hannah Montana]]. The storyline focused on both Raven Baxter and Hannah Montana being guests at the Tipton Hotel.{{cite web|title=That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana DVD Review |url=https://dvdizzy.com/thatssuitehannah.html}}

In 2013, the Canadian crime drama series ''[[Republic of Doyle]]'' and ''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'' produced a crossover,{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/television/stinson-celebrating-the-can-combo-of-republic-of-doyle-and-murdoch-mysteries|title=Celebrating the Can-combo of Republic of Doyle and Murdoch Mysteries|work=[[National Post]]|date=November 25, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131212035932/http://arts.nationalpost.com/2013/11/25/stinson-celebrating-the-can-combo-of-republic-of-doyle-and-murdoch-mysteries/|archive-date=December 12, 2013}} which was complicated by the shows' incompatible historical settings; ''Murdoch Mysteries'' is a historical series set in the 1890s, while ''Republic of Doyle'' is set in the present day. The problem was solved by having the actors cross over as ''relatives'' of their primary characters; [[Allan Hawco]] appeared on the November 25, 2013 episode of ''Murdoch Mysteries'' as Jacob Doyle, a 19th-century ancestor of his regular character Jake Doyle, while [[Yannick Bisson]] appeared on a January 2014 episode of ''Republic of Doyle'' as Bill Murdoch, a 21st-century descendant of his regular character William Murdoch.

In 2025, British soap opera [[Hollyoaks]] celebrated its thirtieth anniversary and crossed over with [[Brookside (TV series)|Brookside]]. Brookside had ceased production in 2003 and most of their sets had since been used in the production of Hollyoaks. Many characters from Brookside appeared and the original closing storyline had been retconned. Both soap opera's were created by Phil Redmond, and it was previously established that the programmes existed in a shared universe when Brookside character Matt Musgrove (Kristian Ealey) transitioned into Hollyoaks in February 2000.{{cite web | title=How good is your BROOKSIDE knowledge? - Free Online Library | url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/How+good+is+your+BROOKSIDE+knowledge%3F-a065831487 }}

The earliest example of a crossover in children's television was [[PBS]]'s 1971 program ''[[The Electric Company]]''.

====Promotional cameos====

Crossovers can take the form of a promotional [[cameo appearance]], used to draw attention to another work of fiction, with little rational explanation in the context of the hosting show's narrative. When not clearly presented as parody, this is frequently scorned by fans as blatant commercialism. A notable example of this is ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[A Star Is Burns]]", in which the character of Jay Sherman (from ''[[The Critic]]'') appeared. It originally aired on March 5, 1995, on FOX right before ''The Critic'' began its second season, its first season having aired on ABC. This episode was largely condemned by fans of ''The Simpsons'' as existing to promote ''The Critic'', an animated series considered inferior by comparison. Even ''Simpsons'' creator [[Matt Groening]] objected, preferring to remove his name from the credits of that particular episode in protest.[http://www.snpp.com/episodes/2F31.html Various reactions, including Matt Groening's, to ''A Star Is Burns''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810215843/http://www.snpp.com/episodes/2F31.html |date=2007-08-10 }}

==See also==

{{Div col}}

* [[Amalgam Comics]]

* [[Canon (fiction)]]

* [[Continuity (fiction)]]

* [[Cross-licensing]]

* [[Fanfiction]]

* [[Intercompany crossovers in comics]]

* [[List of crossovers in video games]]

* [[List of television spinoffs]]

* [[Shared universe]]

* [[Tommy Westphall]]

* [[Wold Newton family]]

{{div col end}}

==References==

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==External links==

* [http://www.katspace.org/fiction/essays/crossovers/ Thoughts On Crossovers In General (Kathryn Andersen)] An essay musing on the numerous elements necessary to a successful crossover (primarily aimed at fan-written fiction).

* [http://www.pjfarmer.com/woldnewton/Chron.htm World Newton Universe Crossover Chronology] Crossovers which build upon and take place in Philip José Farmer's World Newton continuity.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040525/http://www.whiterose.org/howlingcurmudgeons/archives/008910.html "On Crossovers"], [[Jess Nevins]]' history of the fictional crossover

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[[Category:Crossover fiction| ]]

[[Category:Comics terminology]]

[[Category:Film and video terminology]]

[[Category:Television terminology]]