Class 12 physics syllabus 2022-23 | CBSE class 12 physics syllabus 2022-23 | Detailed | Direct Link PDF Download

Class 12 physics syllabus 2022-23 | CBSE class 12 physics syllabus 2022-23 | Free Download CLass 12 Physics Syllabus 2023 

Senior Secondary stage of school education is a stage of transition from general education to discipline-based focus on curriculum. Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2022-23 - The present updated syllabus keeps in view the rigor and depth of disciplinary approach as well as the comprehension level of learners. Due care has also been taken that the syllabus is comparable to the international standards. Salient features of the syllabus include:

1. Emphasis on basic conceptual understanding of the content.
2. Emphasis on use of SI units, symbols, nomenclature of physical quantities and formulations as per international standards.
3. Providing logical sequencing of units of the subject matter and proper placement of concepts with their linkage for better learning.
4. Reducing the curriculum load by eliminating overlapping of concepts/content within the discipline and other disciplines.
5. Promotion of process-skills, problem-solving abilities and applications of Physics concepts.     

Besides, the syllabus also attempts to

1. Strengthen the concepts developed at the secondary stage to provide firm foundation for further learning in the subject.
2. Expose the learners to different processes used in Physics-related industrial and technological applications.
3. Develop process-skills and experimental, observational, manipulative, decision making and investigatory skills in the learners.
4. Promote problem solving abilities and creative thinking in learners.
5. Develop conceptual competence in the learners and make them realize and appreciate the interface of Physics with other disciplines.

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Class 11 Physics Syllabus 2022-23

Unit I: Physical World and Measurement
Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units,
fundamental and derived units. significant figures. Dimensions of physical
quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

Unit II: Kinematics 
Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line
Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of
differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non- uniform
motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity -
time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion
(graphical treatment).

 Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general
vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a
real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a
vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of
vectors.
Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform accelerationprojectile motion, uniform circular motion.

Unit III: Laws of Motion 
Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum
and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction,
rolling friction, lubrication.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular
motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

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Unit IV: Work, Energy and Power
 Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, workenergy theorem, power.
Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces:
non- conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic
collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body 
Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and Centre
of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform
rod.
Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation of
angular momentum and its applications.
Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational
motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.
Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple
geometrical objects (no derivation).

Unit VI: Gravitation 
Chapter–8: Gravitation
Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation.
Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape velocity,
orbital velocity of a satellite.

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Unit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter 
 Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young’s modulus, bulk
modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson's ratio;
elastic energy.

Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift
and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure.
Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical
velocity, Bernoulli's theorem and its simple applications.
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure
across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles
and capillary rise.

Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids
and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv -
calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity.
Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity,
qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's
law .

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Unit VIII: Thermodynamics 
Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature zeroth law of
thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics,
Second law of thermodynamics: gaseous state of matter, change of condition
of gaseous state -isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic
processes.

Unit IX:Behavior of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases
Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.
Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic
interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of
freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to
specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro's
number.

Unit X: Oscillations and Waves 
Chapter–14: Oscillations
Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time,
periodic functions and their application.
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equations of motion; phase;
oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in
S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of
expression for its time period.

Chapter–15: Waves
Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave,
displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of
waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes,
fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

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Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2022-23

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between twopoint charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and
continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric
dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field
due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and
uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge,
a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential
energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric dipole in an
electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a
conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance,
combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel
plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy
stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

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Unit II: Current Electricity 
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity,
mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics
(linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and
conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a
cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and
in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight
solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform
magnetic and electric fields.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque
experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a
magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometerits current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment
only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its
axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative
treatment only), magnetic field lines.
Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic
substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of
temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's
Law, Self and mutual induction.

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Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage;
reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance,
power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current.
AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their
characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,
ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction
of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification,
power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light
through a prism.
Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection
and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young's double slit
experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression
only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to
a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

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Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's
observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.
Experimental study of photoelectric effect
Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei 
Chapter–12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model
of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and
energy of electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment
only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force
Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

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Unit IX: Electronic Devices
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple
Circuits
Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative
ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction
Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias,
application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

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