Ankylosing spondylitis
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Ankylosing spondylitis is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. More than 90% of people affected in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] have a specific [[human leukocyte antigen]] known as the [[HLA-B27]] antigen, though the genetic correlation varies across populations (e.g., only 70% of AS patients in Turkey are HLA-B27 positive).{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheehan NJ | title = The ramifications of HLA-B27 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–4 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14702356 | pmc = 1079257 | doi = 10.1177/014107680409700102 }}{{cite journal | journal = European Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 268-271 | doi = 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17015 | date = 25 October 2017 | title = Low frequency of HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis and its relationship with clinical findings in patients from Turkey | first1 = Sevde Nur | last1 = Fırat | first2 = Ayten | last2 = Yazıcı | first3 = Barış | last3 = Yılmazer | first4 = Fulya | last4 = Coşan | first5 = Hakan | last5 = Savlı |first6 = Ayşe |last6 = Cefle | pmc = 5741340 | pmid = 29308282 | url = https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5741340 | access-date = 4 November 2025}} The underlying mechanism is believed to be [[autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] or [[autoinflammatory disease|autoinflammatory]].{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith JA | s2cid = 24623808 | title = Update on ankylosing spondylitis: current concepts in pathogenesis | journal = Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 489 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25447326 | doi = 10.1007/s11882-014-0489-6 }} Diagnosis is based on symptoms with support from [[medical imaging]] and [[blood tests]]. AS is a type of [[Spondyloarthropathy#Seronegative spondyloarthropathy|seronegative spondyloarthropathy]], meaning that tests show no presence of [[rheumatoid factor]] (RF) [[antibody|antibodies]]. |
Ankylosing spondylitis is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. More than 90% of people affected in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] have a specific [[human leukocyte antigen]] known as the [[HLA-B27]] antigen, though the genetic correlation varies across populations (e.g., only 70% of AS patients in Turkey are HLA-B27 positive).{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheehan NJ | title = The ramifications of HLA-B27 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–4 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14702356 | pmc = 1079257 | doi = 10.1177/014107680409700102 }}{{cite journal | journal = European Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 268-271 | doi = 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17015 | date = 25 October 2017 | title = Low frequency of HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis and its relationship with clinical findings in patients from Turkey | first1 = Sevde Nur | last1 = Fırat | first2 = Ayten | last2 = Yazıcı | first3 = Barış | last3 = Yılmazer | first4 = Fulya | last4 = Coşan | first5 = Hakan | last5 = Savlı |first6 = Ayşe |last6 = Cefle | pmc = 5741340 | pmid = 29308282 | url = https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5741340 | access-date = 4 November 2025}} The underlying mechanism is believed to be [[autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] or [[autoinflammatory disease|autoinflammatory]].{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith JA | s2cid = 24623808 | title = Update on ankylosing spondylitis: current concepts in pathogenesis | journal = Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 489 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25447326 | doi = 10.1007/s11882-014-0489-6 }} Diagnosis is based on symptoms with support from [[medical imaging]] and [[blood tests]]. AS is a type of [[Spondyloarthropathy#Seronegative spondyloarthropathy|seronegative spondyloarthropathy]], meaning that tests show no presence of [[rheumatoid factor]] (RF) [[antibody|antibodies]]. |
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{{asof|2019}} there is no cure for AS. Treatments may include medication, physical therapy, and surgery. Medication therapy focuses on relieving the pain and other symptoms of AS, as well as stopping disease [[progressive disease|progression]] by counteracting long-term inflammatory processes. Commonly used medications include [[NSAIDs]], [[TNF inhibitor]]s, [[Interleukin-17A|IL-17]] antagonists, and [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|DMARDs]]. [[Glucocorticoid]] injections are often used for acute and localized flare-ups. |
{{asof|2019}} there is no cure for AS. Treatments may include medication, physical therapy, and surgery. Medication therapy focuses on relieving the pain and other symptoms of AS, as well as stopping disease [[progressive disease|progression]] by counteracting long-term inflammatory processes. Commonly used medications include [[NSAIDs]], [[TNF inhibitor]]s, [[Interleukin-17A|IL-17]] antagonists, and [[Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug|DMARDs]]. [[Glucocorticoid]] injections are often used for acute and localized flare-ups. |
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About 0.1% to 0.8% of the population are affected, with onset typically occurring in young adults.{{cite book| vauthors = Khan MA |title=Ankylosing Spondylitis|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536807-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183556/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|archive-date=8 September 2017}} While men and women are equally affected with AS, women are more likely to experience inflammation rather than fusion.{{Cite web |date=|title=Facts and Figures|url=http://nass.co.uk/about-as/as-facts-and-figures/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society|language=en}} |
About 0.1% to 0.8% of the population are affected, with onset typically occurring in young adults.{{cite book| vauthors = Khan MA |title=Ankylosing Spondylitis|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536807-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183556/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|archive-date=8 September 2017}} While men and women are equally affected with AS, women are more likely to experience inflammation rather than fusion. |
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==Signs and symptoms== |
==Signs and symptoms== |
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