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In the [[United States]], '''White Anglo-Saxon Protestants''' ('''WASP''') is a [[Sociology|sociological]] term which is often used to describe [[White Americans|white]]/[[American_upper_class|wealthy]] [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestant Americans]] of [[English people|English]], or more broadly [[British people|British]], descent who are generally part of the white [[dominant culture]], and who belong to [[Protestant]] denominations. Some sociologists and commentators use ''WASP'' more broadly to include all White Protestant Americans of [[Northwestern Europe]]an and [[Northern Europe]]an ancestry.[{{cite book |last=Zhang |first=Mobei |title=The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-118-66320-2 |editor=Stone, John |at=Abstract |chapter=WASPs |doi=10.1002/9781118663202.wberen692 |display-editors=etal}}][{{Cite journal |last=Wilton |first=David |date=2020 |title=What Do We Mean By Anglo-Saxon? Pre-Conquest to the Present |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jenglgermphil.119.4.0425 |journal=The Journal of English and Germanic Philology |volume=119 |issue=4 |pages=425–454 |doi=10.5406/jenglgermphil.119.4.0425 |jstor=10.5406/jenglgermphil.119.4.0425 |s2cid=226756882 |issn=0363-6941|url-access=subscription }}][{{cite book |last1=Glassman |first1=Ronald |last2=Swatos |first2=William H. Jr. |last3=Denison |first3=Barbara J. |title=Social Problems in Global Perspective |date=2004 |publisher=University Press of America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECWSVPEepOgC&pg=PA258 |page=258 |isbn=9780761829331}}] It was seen to be in exclusionary contrast to Catholics, Jews, Irish, immigrants, southern or eastern Europeans, and the non-White. WASPs have dominated American society, culture, and politics for most of the history of the United States. Critics have disparaged them as "[[The Establishment]]".[{{cite journal |last=Allen |first=Irving Lewis |year=1975 |title=WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet |journal=Ethnicity |issn=0095-6139 |pages=153–162 |volume=2 |issue=2}}][By the 1950s, the emerging New Left was "thumbing their noses at the stuffy white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant establishment." W. J. Rorabaugh, "Challenging Authority, Seeking Community, and Empowerment in the New Left, Black Power, and Feminism," ''Journal of Policy History'' (Jan 1996) vol 8 p. 110.] The term often correlates to Old Stock Americans of British ancestry or more specifically the original ones who are descended from the principal 17th century English settlers who formed the bedrock and demographic core of the nation.[https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/multicultural-america/chpt/wasps-white-anglo-saxon-protestants#_][https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/essays/colonization-and-settlement-1585-1763][https://www.emmigration.info/english-immigration-to-america.htm?utm] Although the social influence of wealthy WASPs has declined since the 1960s,[{{cite web|title=The End Of WASP-Dominated Politics|last=Greenblatt|first=Allen|website=[[NPR]] |date=September 19, 2012|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/09/17/161295588/the-end-of-wasp-dominated-politics}}][{{cite magazine|title=The Decline of the Wasp President|last=Meacham|first=Jon|magazine=Time |date=October 15, 2012|url=https://ideas.time.com/2012/10/15/the-decline-and-fall-of-the-wasp-president/}}][{{cite news|title=The Late, Great American WASP|last=Epstein|first=Joseph|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=December 23, 2013|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-late-great-american-wasp-1387586625}}] the group continues to play a central role in American finance, politics, and [[Philanthropy in the United States|philanthropy]].[{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Eric P. |editor=Kaufmann, E.P. |title=Rethinking Ethnicity: Majority Groups and Dominant Minorities |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, New York |isbn=0-41-531542-5 |pages=61–83 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LotDtx2HUxMC&pg=PA61 |chapter=The decline of the WASP in the United States and Canada}}] |
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In the [[United States]], '''White Anglo-Saxon Protestant''' ('''WASP''') is a [[sociological]] term used to describe [[White Americans|white]], [[American upper class|upper class]], [[Protestant Americans]], usually of [[British people|British]] descent, who are generally part of the white [[dominant culture]]. Some sociologists and commentators use ''WASP'' more broadly to include all White Protestant Americans of [[Northwestern Europe]]an and [[Northern Europe]]an ancestry.[{{cite book |last=Zhang |first=Mobei |title=The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-118-66320-2 |editor=Stone, John |at=Abstract |chapter=WASPs |doi=10.1002/9781118663202.wberen692 |display-editors=etal}}][{{Cite journal |last=Wilton |first=David |date=2020 |title=What Do We Mean By Anglo-Saxon? Pre-Conquest to the Present |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jenglgermphil.119.4.0425 |journal=The Journal of English and Germanic Philology |volume=119 |issue=4 |pages=425–454 |doi=10.5406/jenglgermphil.119.4.0425 |jstor=10.5406/jenglgermphil.119.4.0425 |s2cid=226756882 |issn=0363-6941|url-access=subscription }}][{{cite book |last1=Glassman |first1=Ronald |last2=Swatos |first2=William H. Jr. |last3=Denison |first3=Barbara J. |title=Social Problems in Global Perspective |date=2004 |publisher=University Press of America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECWSVPEepOgC&pg=PA258 |page=258 |isbn=9780761829331}}] It was seen to be in exclusionary contrast to Catholics, Jews, Irish, immigrants, southern or eastern Europeans, and the non-White. WASPs have dominated American society, culture, and politics for most of the history of the United States. Critics have disparaged them as "[[The Establishment]]".[{{cite journal |last=Allen |first=Irving Lewis |year=1975 |title=WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet |journal=Ethnicity |issn=0095-6139 |pages=153–162 |volume=2 |issue=2}}][By the 1950s, the emerging New Left was "thumbing their noses at the stuffy white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant establishment." W. J. Rorabaugh, "Challenging Authority, Seeking Community, and Empowerment in the New Left, Black Power, and Feminism," ''Journal of Policy History'' (Jan 1996) vol 8 p. 110.] The term often correlates to Old Stock Americans of British ancestry or more specifically the original ones who are descended from the principal 17th century English settlers who formed the bedrock and demographic core of the nation.[https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/multicultural-america/chpt/wasps-white-anglo-saxon-protestants#_][https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/essays/colonization-and-settlement-1585-1763][https://www.emmigration.info/english-immigration-to-america.htm?utm] Although the social influence of wealthy WASPs has declined since the 1960s,[{{cite web|title=The End Of WASP-Dominated Politics|last=Greenblatt|first=Allen|website=[[NPR]] |date=September 19, 2012|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/09/17/161295588/the-end-of-wasp-dominated-politics}}][{{cite magazine|title=The Decline of the Wasp President|last=Meacham|first=Jon|magazine=Time |date=October 15, 2012|url=https://ideas.time.com/2012/10/15/the-decline-and-fall-of-the-wasp-president/}}][{{cite news|title=The Late, Great American WASP|last=Epstein|first=Joseph|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=December 23, 2013|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-late-great-american-wasp-1387586625}}] the group continues to play a central role in American finance, politics, and [[Philanthropy in the United States|philanthropy]].[{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Eric P. |editor=Kaufmann, E.P. |title=Rethinking Ethnicity: Majority Groups and Dominant Minorities |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, New York |isbn=0-41-531542-5 |pages=61–83 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LotDtx2HUxMC&pg=PA61 |chapter=The decline of the WASP in the United States and Canada}}] |
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''WASP'' is also used for similar elites in [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Canada]].[{{cite book |first=J.M.S. |last=Careless |title=Careless at Work: Selected Canadian historical studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgtSO7AzmRYC&pg=PA297 |year=1996 |page=297 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=9781554881253}}][{{cite book |first=C. P. |last=Champion |title=The Strange Demise of British Canada: The Liberals and Canadian Nationalism, 1964–68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rx-UF_9BeusC&pg=PA48 |year=2010 |publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press |pages=48–49 |isbn=9780773591059}}][{{cite book |first1=Margery |last1=Fee |first2=Janice |last2=McAlpine |title=Guide to Canadian English Usage |year=2008 |pages=517–518}}][{{cite book |title=Australian Modern Oxford Dictionary |year=2007 |editor-last1=Ludowyk |editor-first1=Frederick |chapter=WASP |editor-last2=Moore |editor-first2=Bruce}}] The 1998 ''[[Random House Unabridged Dictionary]]'' says the term is "sometimes disparaging and offensive".[{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wasps |title=wasp |website=www.dictionary.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020053018/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wasps |archive-date=October 20, 2018 |url-status=live}}] |
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''WASP'' is also used for similar elites in [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Canada]].[{{cite book |first=J.M.S. |last=Careless |title=Careless at Work: Selected Canadian historical studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgtSO7AzmRYC&pg=PA297 |year=1996 |page=297 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=9781554881253}}][{{cite book |first=C. P. |last=Champion |title=The Strange Demise of British Canada: The Liberals and Canadian Nationalism, 1964–68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rx-UF_9BeusC&pg=PA48 |year=2010 |publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press |pages=48–49 |isbn=9780773591059}}][{{cite book |first1=Margery |last1=Fee |first2=Janice |last2=McAlpine |title=Guide to Canadian English Usage |year=2008 |pages=517–518}}][{{cite book |title=Australian Modern Oxford Dictionary |year=2007 |editor-last1=Ludowyk |editor-first1=Frederick |chapter=WASP |editor-last2=Moore |editor-first2=Bruce}}] The 1998 ''[[Random House Unabridged Dictionary]]'' says the term is "sometimes disparaging and offensive".[{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wasps |title=wasp |website=www.dictionary.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020053018/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wasps |archive-date=October 20, 2018 |url-status=live}}] |
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