Vaal–Orange language

Apr 22, 2026 - 23:52
0 0
Vaal–Orange language

unsplit; useful cover for ||Ku||e, Seroa, and Boshof

← Previous revision Revision as of 18:21, 22 April 2026
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Extinct ǃKwi language of Southern Africa}}
#REDIRECT [[Tuu languages#Vaal–Orange]]
{{Infobox language
| name = Vaal–Orange
| nativename =
| region = South Africa, Lesotho
| extinct = Late 20th century
| ref = e25
| familycolor = Khoisan
| fam1 = [[Tuu languages|Tuu]]
| fam2 = ǃKwi
| dia1 = [[ǁKuǁʼe language|ǁKuǁʼe]]
| dia2 = [[Seroa language|Seroa]]
| dia3 = [[Boshof language|Boshof ǃUi]]
| iso3 = kqu
| iso3comment = (Seroa)
| glotto = vaal1235
| glottorefname = Vaal–Orange
}}

'''Vaal–Orange''' is an extinct [[Tuu languages|ǃKwi language]] of [[South Africa]] and [[Lesotho]]. It comprised the [[ǁKuǁʼe language|''ǁKuǁʼe'' dialect]] (also rendered ''ǁKu-ǁʼe, ǁŨǁʼe'' or ''ǁKuǁe''),Distinguish ''ǁNg ǃʼe'', a form of [[Nǁng language|Nǁng]], and ''Nǀhuǁéi'', which is a variety of [[Taa language|Taa]]. spoken near [[Theunissen]] and [[Bethany, Free State|Bethany]] in South Africa and into Lesotho, recorded by [[Dorothea Bleek]], the [[Seroa language|Seroa dialect]], and the [[Boshof language|Boshof dialect]].

The name "Vaal–Orange" comes from the [[Vaal River|Vaal]] and [[Orange River]]s, which converge where the [[ǂUngkue dialect|ǂUngkue language]] was spoken, though ǂUngkue is no longer classified as Vaal–Orange.

==Doculects==

Güldemann (2019) lists the following doculects.Tom Güldemann. 2019. Toward a subclassification of the ǃUi branch of Tuu. Paper presented at Afrikalinguistisches Forschungskolloquium at Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 8 January 2019. 10pp.

{|class=wikitable
|-
!Label!!Researcher!!Date!!Origin!!Notes
|-
| ǁkuǁe (ǁŨǁʼe) || D. Bleek || 1928 || Theunissen || Bleek label SIIc.
|-
| seroa (ǃUi) || Wuras || 1919–1920 || Bethany || Bleek label SIId.
|-
| ǃUi || Arbousset || 1836 || Mokhasi/Puchane || Bleek label SIId.
|-
| ǃUi || Maingard || > 1930 || Boshof ||
|}

All but ǃUi of Boshof were lumped under Vaal–Orange in Güldemann (2018).Tom Güldemann. 2018. Toward a subclassification of the ǃUi branch of Tuu. 9th World Congress of African Linguistics (WOCAL 9) Güldemann (2019) is more agnostic, but keeps them close (and also close with Boshof); Glottolog concludes that they form a single language with each other and with Boshof.
The [[ǂUngkue language|ǂUngkue]] dialect was included by Güldemann (2018) but classified as closer to Nǀuu by Güldemann (2019).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*[http://email.eva.mpg.de/~gueldema/pdf/CapeArea.pdf ''Structural isoglosses between Khoekhoe and Tuu: the Cape as a linguistic area]'' by Tom Güldemann

{{Khoisan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaal-Orange Language}}
[[Category:Extinct languages of Africa]]
[[Category:Tuu languages]]
[[Category:Languages of South Africa]]
[[Category:Languages of Lesotho]]


{{lang-stub}}
Read More