User:RayaIshak/Retinoblastoma
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== Diagnosis == |
== Diagnosis == |
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[[File:Trilateral retinoblastoma.jpg|thumb|MRI scan of trilateral retinoblastoma with associated intracranial involvement]] |
[[File:Trilateral retinoblastoma.jpg|thumb|MRI scan of trilateral retinoblastoma with associated intracranial involvement]] |
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Diagnosis is primarily based on ophthalmologic examination and is often supported by imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic testing for RB1 mutations may be recommended, particularly in suspected hereditary cases. Identifying a germline mutation is important for family screening and long-term monitoring. |
Diagnosis is primarily based on ophthalmologic examination and is often supported by imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic testing for RB1 mutations may be recommended, particularly in suspected hereditary cases. Identifying a germline mutation is important for family screening and long-term monitoring. |
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== Treatment == |
== Treatment == |
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Treatment depends on tumor size, location, and whether one or both eyes are affected. Management may include chemotherapy, focal therapies, or targeted treatments such as laser therapy or cryotherapy to destroy the tumor. In more advanced cases, removal of the eye (enucleation) may be necessary to prevent the cancer from spreading. Treatment aims to both save the child’s life and preserve vision whenever possible. Children with hereditary retinoblastoma require long-term follow-up because they have an increased risk of developing other cancers later in life. |
Treatment depends on tumor size, location, and whether one or both eyes are affected. Management may include chemotherapy, focal therapies{{Cite journal |last=Schefler |first=Amy C |last2=Kim |first2=Ryan S |date=2018-04-18 |title=Recent advancements in the management of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma |url=https://f1000research.com/articles/7-476/v1 |journal=F1000Research |language=en |volume=7 |pages=476 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.11941.1 |issn=2046-1402 |pmc=5911936 |pmid=29755733}}, or targeted treatments such as laser therapy or cryotherapy to destroy the tumor. In more advanced cases, removal of the eye (enucleation) may be necessary to prevent the cancer from spreading. Treatment aims to both save the child’s life and preserve vision whenever possible. Children with hereditary retinoblastoma require long-term follow-up because they have an increased risk of developing other cancers later in life. |
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== Prognosis == |
== Prognosis == |
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Prognosis is generally favorable in high-resource settings, with survival rates exceeding 95% when the disease is diagnosed early.>{{Cite |
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== References == |
== References == |
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