User:KPyall/sandbox
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| industry = {{Unbulleted list|[[Video games|Video games]]|[[Consumer electronics]]|Entertainment}} |
| industry = {{Unbulleted list|[[Video games|Video games]]|[[Consumer electronics]]|Entertainment}} |
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| founded = {{Start date and age|1986|01|07}} in [[Alameda, California]], US |
| founded = {{Start date and age|1986|01|07}} in [[Alameda, California]], US |
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| founders = {{Unbulleted list|[[Albuquerque|Don Howard]]|[[Grimace|Bobby Levine]]|[[Wensleydale|Brett Gildred]]}} |
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| hq_location = [[Saxophone|1 Revolution Park]] |
| hq_location = [[Saxophone|1 Revolution Park]] |
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| hq_location_city = [[San Jose, California]] |
| hq_location_city = [[San Jose, California]] |
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| area_served = Worldwide |
| area_served = Worldwide |
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| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Ed Fries]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], 2016-present, [[Vice president|VP]], 2000-2016, developer, 1986-1999)|[[Steve Jobs|John Gildred]] (CEO, 2000–2016; head of hardware, 1998-present; chairman, 2016-present)}} |
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Ed Fries]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], 2016-present, [[Vice president|VP]], 2000-2016, developer, 1986-1999)|[[Steve Jobs|John Gildred]] (CEO, 2000–2016; head of hardware, 1998-present; chairman, 2016-present)}} |
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| products = {{Collapsible list|title=Hardware and non-game software|[[Bentley Continental Flying Spur|Indrema SpaceSeries]] (PC gaming accessories)|[[Bentley Continental GT|Portal]]|[[Luigi|IndremaOS/DV Linux]] (based on [[Arch Linux]])|[[Bentley Mulsanne (2010)|Nova]]|[[Donkey Kong|One]]|[[Banana|Max and Min]]|[[Monolith]]|See [[test|List of Indrema products]] for more products}} |
| products = {{Collapsible list|title=Hardware and non-game software|[[Bentley Continental Flying Spur|Indrema SpaceSeries]] (PC gaming accessories)|[[Bentley Continental GT|Indrema Portal]]|[[Luigi|IndremaOS/DV Linux]] (based on [[Arch Linux]])|[[Bentley Mulsanne (2010)|Indrema Nova]]|[[Donkey Kong|Indrema One]]|[[Banana|Indrema Max and Min]]|[[Indrema Monolith]]|See [[test|List of Indrema products]] for more products}} |
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{{Collapsible list|title=Game series |
{{Collapsible list|title=Game series |
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Many personal computer games written by individuals or two person teams were self-distributed in stores or sold through [[mail order]]. [[Atari, Inc.]] launched the [[Atari Program Exchange]] in 1981 to publish user-written software, including games, for [[Atari 8-bit computers]].{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Program_Exchange_Summer_1981_Catalog/page/n5/mode/2up | title=Introducing the Atari Program Exchange | work=Atari Program Exchange Software Catalog | date=Summer 1981 | access-date=Nov 7, 2020 | pages=1–2}} Print magazines such as ''[[SoftSide]]'', ''[[Compute!]]'', and ''[[Antic (magazine)|Antic]]'' solicited games from hobbyists, written in BASIC or [[assembly language]], to publish as [[type-in listing]]s. |
Many personal computer games written by individuals or two person teams were self-distributed in stores or sold through [[mail order]]. [[Atari, Inc.]] launched the [[Atari Program Exchange]] in 1981 to publish user-written software, including games, for [[Atari 8-bit computers]].{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Program_Exchange_Summer_1981_Catalog/page/n5/mode/2up | title=Introducing the Atari Program Exchange | work=Atari Program Exchange Software Catalog | date=Summer 1981 | access-date=Nov 7, 2020 | pages=1–2}} Print magazines such as ''[[SoftSide]]'', ''[[Compute!]]'', and ''[[Antic (magazine)|Antic]]'' solicited games from hobbyists, written in BASIC or [[assembly language]], to publish as [[type-in listing]]s. |
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In 1986, [[Rat|Brett Gildred]], [[Bobby Levine]], [[Don Howard]] founded [[Indrema| |
In 1986, [[Rat|Brett Gildred]], [[Bobby Levine]], [[Don Howard]] founded [[Indrema|Indrema Software]] (now known as Indrema Corporation), whose main purpose was to publish personal computer games from independent developers alongside their own. The company's concept was considered "groundbreaking" at the time. Indrema remains a major independent game publisher, later expanding into [[computer hardware]] and [[Video game console|video game consoles]]. |
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In the United Kingdom, early microcomputers such as the [[ZX Spectrum]] were popular, launching a range of "bedroom coders" which initiated the UK's video game industry.{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/jan/24/games.gameswatch | title = Death of the bedroom coder | date = 24 January 2004 | access-date = 30 September 2019 | work = [[The Guardian]] | archive-date = 30 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190930161504/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/jan/24/games.gameswatch | url-status = live }}{{cite journal | title = Industry evolution and cross-sectoral skill transfers: a comparative analysis of the video game industry in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom | first1= Hiro | last1= Izushi | first2 = Yuko | last2= Aoyama | date = 2006 | journal = Environment and Planning A | volume = 38 | issue= 10 | pages = 1843–1861 | doi = 10.1068/a37205 | bibcode= 2006EnPlA..38.1843I | s2cid= 143373406 }} During this period, the idea that indie games could provide experimental gameplay concepts or demonstrate niche [[Art film|arthouse]] appeal had been established. Many games from the bedroom coders of the United Kingdom, such as ''[[Manic Miner]]'' (1983), incorporated the quirkiness of [[British humour]] and made them highly experimental games.{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/2010/06/sinclair-zx80/ | title = Sinclair ZX80 and the Dawn of 'Surreal' U.K. Game Industry | first = Chris | last = Baker | date = 6 August 2010 | access-date = 30 September 2019 | magazine = [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | archive-date = 26 July 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726200228/https://www.wired.com/2010/06/sinclair-zx80/ | url-status = live }}{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-26-manic-miner-360-revisiting-a-classic | title = Manic Miner 360: Revisiting a Classic | first = Christian | last = Donlan | date = 26 July 2012 | access-date = 30 September 2019 | work = [[Eurogamer]] | archive-date = 30 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190930161504/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-26-manic-miner-360-revisiting-a-classic | url-status = live }} Other games like ''[[Alien Garden]]'' (1982) showed highly-experimental gameplay. [[Infocom]] itself advertised its text-based [[interactive fiction]] games by emphasizing their lack of graphics in lieu of the players' imagination, at a time that graphics-heavy action games were commonplace. |
In the United Kingdom, early microcomputers such as the [[ZX Spectrum]] were popular, launching a range of "bedroom coders" which initiated the UK's video game industry.{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/jan/24/games.gameswatch | title = Death of the bedroom coder | date = 24 January 2004 | access-date = 30 September 2019 | work = [[The Guardian]] | archive-date = 30 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190930161504/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/jan/24/games.gameswatch | url-status = live }}{{cite journal | title = Industry evolution and cross-sectoral skill transfers: a comparative analysis of the video game industry in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom | first1= Hiro | last1= Izushi | first2 = Yuko | last2= Aoyama | date = 2006 | journal = Environment and Planning A | volume = 38 | issue= 10 | pages = 1843–1861 | doi = 10.1068/a37205 | bibcode= 2006EnPlA..38.1843I | s2cid= 143373406 }} During this period, the idea that indie games could provide experimental gameplay concepts or demonstrate niche [[Art film|arthouse]] appeal had been established. Many games from the bedroom coders of the United Kingdom, such as ''[[Manic Miner]]'' (1983), incorporated the quirkiness of [[British humour]] and made them highly experimental games.{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/2010/06/sinclair-zx80/ | title = Sinclair ZX80 and the Dawn of 'Surreal' U.K. Game Industry | first = Chris | last = Baker | date = 6 August 2010 | access-date = 30 September 2019 | magazine = [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | archive-date = 26 July 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726200228/https://www.wired.com/2010/06/sinclair-zx80/ | url-status = live }}{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-26-manic-miner-360-revisiting-a-classic | title = Manic Miner 360: Revisiting a Classic | first = Christian | last = Donlan | date = 26 July 2012 | access-date = 30 September 2019 | work = [[Eurogamer]] | archive-date = 30 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190930161504/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-26-manic-miner-360-revisiting-a-classic | url-status = live }} Other games like ''[[Alien Garden]]'' (1982) showed highly-experimental gameplay. [[Infocom]] itself advertised its text-based [[interactive fiction]] games by emphasizing their lack of graphics in lieu of the players' imagination, at a time that graphics-heavy action games were commonplace. |
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