User:Chickenpox4dinner/sandbox/Pollera women

[[File:Cholita2013.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Woman in bowler hat and wide skirt|{{lang|es|Chola}} in traditional dress in [[La Paz]]]]

[[File:Cholita2013.jpg|thumb|upright=.5|alt=Woman in bowler hat and wide skirt|{{lang|es|Chola}} in traditional dress in [[La Paz]]]]

{{For|the 20th century Mexican subculture|Pachucas}}

{{For|the 20th century Mexican subculture|Pachucas}}

'''Pollera women''' ({{langx|es|'''mujeres de pollera'''}}), also known by the historical [[perjorative]] '''{{lang|es|chola}}''' ([[diminutive]] '''{{lang|es|cholita}}''') are [[Andean]] women of a [[hybridity|hybrid culture]] between the dominant ''[[mestizo]]'' Andean [[urban culture]] and the [[Indigenous peoples in Bolivia|indigenous]], rural ''[[Peasant#Latin_American_farmers|campesino]]'' culture (largely the [[Quechua people|Quechua]] or [[Aymara people|Aymara]] peoples).{{rp|i-xlii}} Hailing from a multi-racial background (''[[cholo]]''), pollera women have a distinct [[traditional dress]] defined by the eponymous wide ''[[pollera]]'' skirt with layered [[petticoat]]s ({{lang|es|enagua}}), two pleated braids, and a shawl, ''[[lliklla]]'' and/or an ''[[aguayo (cloth)|aguayo]]''; regional variations include distinctive hats like the [[#bowler hat|bowler hat]], jewelry, and ''[[#Tullmas|tullma]]'' braid ornaments.

'''Pollera women''' ({{langx|es|'''mujeres de pollera'''}}), also known by the historical [[perjorative]] '''{{lang|es|chola}}''' ([[diminutive]] '''{{lang|es|cholita}}''') are [[Andean]] women of a [[hybridity|hybrid culture]] between the dominant ''[[mestizo]]'' Andean [[urban culture]] and the [[Indigenous peoples in Bolivia|indigenous]], rural ''[[Peasant#Latin_American_farmers|campesino]]'' culture (largely the [[Quechua people|Quechua]] or [[Aymara people|Aymara]] peoples).{{rp|i-xlii}} Hailing from a multi-racial background (''[[cholo]]''), pollera women have a distinct [[traditional dress]] defined by the eponymous wide ''[[pollera]]'' skirt with layered [[petticoat]]s ({{lang|es|enagua}}), two pleated braids, and a shawl, ''[[lliklla]]'' and/or an ''[[aguayo (cloth)|aguayo]]''; regional variations include distinctive hats like the [[#bowler hat|bowler hat]], jewelry, and ''[[#Tullmas|tullma]]'' braid ornaments.

== Traditional dress ==

== Traditional dress ==

[[File:Chola cook LCCN2006680175 (cropped).tif|thumb|upright|{{lang|es|Cholita}} {{circa|1900-1920}}]]

[[File:Chola cook LCCN2006680175 (cropped).tif|thumb|upright=.5|Pollera woman {{circa|1900-1920}}]]

The traditional dress of the pollera woman, also referred to as "''chola'' style", is typified by a ''[[pollera]]'' skirt layered over one or more [[petticoat]]s ({{lang|es|enaguas}}); with enough petticoats, the ''pollera'' creates a bell-shaped silhouette similar to a [[hoop skirt]]. The rest of the outfit usually consists of a sweater worn over a blouse; a shawl ({{lang|es|manta}}), comparable to the indigenous ''[[lliklla]]'', held with a ''[[tupu (pin)|tupu]]'' pin; an apron ({{lang|es|mantil}}) over the ''pollera;'' and [[Court shoe|pumps]]. ''[[Aguayo (cloth)|Aguayo]]s'' are used to carry things or as a [[swaddle]].

The traditional dress of the pollera woman, also referred to as "''chola'' style", is typified by a ''[[pollera]]'' skirt layered over one or more [[petticoat]]s ({{lang|es|enaguas}}); with enough petticoats, the ''pollera'' creates a bell-shaped silhouette similar to a [[hoop skirt]]. The rest of the outfit usually consists of a sweater worn over a blouse; a shawl ({{lang|es|manta}}), comparable to the indigenous ''[[lliklla]]'', held with a ''[[tupu (pin)|tupu]]'' pin; an apron ({{lang|es|mantil}}) over the ''pollera;'' and [[Court shoe|pumps]]. ''[[Aguayo (cloth)|Aguayo]]s'' are used to carry things or as a [[swaddle]].

=== Bowler hat ===

=== Bowler hat ===

[[File:Urfolk i Bolivia.jpg|thumb|Pollera women with ''bombíns'', [[Oruro]]]]

[[File:Urfolk i Bolivia.jpg|thumb|Pollera women with ''bombíns'', [[Oruro]]]]

[[File:Potosi 2800b.jpg|thumb|upright|Pollera woman in [[Potosí]]-style {{lang|es|bombín}}, taller and darker]]

The [[bowler hat]] ({{lang|es|bombín}}) is the typical hat of pollera woman in [[La Paz]], [[Oruro]], and [[Potosí]] of Bolivia, and [[Puno, Peru]]. Italian-[[import]]ed bowler hats were first marketed in the [[Altiplano]] by [[Italian Peruvians]] based from [[Tacna, Peru]] during the [[War of the Pacific]] in the late 19th century. In 1914, Ludovico Antonio Galoppo of [[Piedmont]] and Marcelo Aglietti di Cossato founded the company "La Sodiedad Galoppo & Ormezzano" in [[Huanuni|Huanuni, Bolivia]], which they quickly pivoted from a mining [[company store]] to exclusively importing [[Borsalino]] hats; at their request, Borsalino began to produce a lower-cost bowler hat aimed at pollera women, called the {{Language with name/for|it|Capello da Ciola|''chola'' hat}}.

The [[bowler hat]] ({{lang|es|bombín}}) is the typical hat of pollera woman in [[La Paz]], [[Oruro]], and [[Potosí]] of Bolivia, and [[Puno, Peru]]. Italian-[[import]]ed bowler hats were first marketed in the [[Altiplano]] by [[Italian Peruvians]] based from [[Tacna, Peru]] during the [[War of the Pacific]] in the late 19th century. In 1914, Ludovico Antonio Galoppo of [[Piedmont]] and Marcelo Aglietti di Cossato founded the company "La Sodiedad Galoppo & Ormezzano" in [[Huanuni|Huanuni, Bolivia]], which they quickly pivoted from a mining [[company store]] to exclusively importing [[Borsalino]] hats; at their request, Borsalino began to produce a lower-cost bowler hat aimed at pollera women, called the {{Language with name/for|it|Capello da Ciola|''chola'' hat}}.