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The first mustangs descended from [[Iberian horse]]sDobie, ''The Mustangs'' |
The first mustangs descended from [[Iberian horse]]sDobie, ''The Mustangs'' brought to [[Mexico]] and [[Florida]]. Some of these horses were sold, escaped or were captured by [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], and rapidly spread by trade and other means throughout western North America.{{cite web|last1=Rittman|first1=Paul|title=Spanish Colonial Horse and the Plains Indian Culture|url=http://paulrittman.com/Indian%20Culture%20and%20the%20Horse.pdf|accessdate=18 January 2015}} '''Comment: I have left this in because it seems to be supported by suitable sources. Answer: These sentences were moved to the section above and modified.''' |
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====Origins and dispersal==== |
====Origins and dispersal==== |
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The first mustangs descended from horses brought to [[Mexico]] by the [[Conquistador | Spanish]]. Some of these horses escaped or were sold to [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], but for the most part they were captured in raids on Spanish settlements by the Native AmericansRyden, Hope ''America's Last Wild Horses'', pages 63-68 (Chapter 8) who quickly adopted the horse as a primary means of transportation. Horses replaced the dog as a [[travois]] pullerRoe, Frank Gilbert, ''The Indian and the Horse'' pages 11-32 and greatly improved success in battles, trade and hunts, particularly [[American Bison|bison]] hunts. Native Americans rapidly spread horses by trade and other means throughout the [[Great Plains]], the [[Columbia Basin | Columbia]] and [[Colorado River]] basins and present day [[California]]Haines, Francis,''The Northward Spread of Horses among the Plains Indians''http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1938.40.3.02a00060/pdf where they escaped captivity and began to form feral herds, most notably in the southern Great Plains, where the [[J. Frank Dobie stated the: Spanish horses found "...American ranges corresponding in climate and soil to the arid lands of Spain, northern Africa and Arabia in which they originated".Dobie page 23 However, in 1934, Dobie stated there was just "a few wild [feral] horses in [[Nevada]], [[Wyoming]] and other Western states"Dobie, ''The Mustangs'' p. 321 remaining. It was unclear if he meant "spanish" mustangs, or the later generation of mustangs discussed in the next paragraph |
The first mustangs descended from horses brought to [[Mexico]] by the [[Conquistador | Spanish]]. Some of these horses escaped or were sold to [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], but for the most part they were captured in raids on Spanish settlements by the Native AmericansRyden, Hope ''America's Last Wild Horses'', pages 63-68 (Chapter 8) who quickly adopted the horse as a primary means of transportation. Horses replaced the dog as a [[travois]] pullerRoe, Frank Gilbert, ''The Indian and the Horse'' pages 11-32 and greatly improved success in battles, trade and hunts, particularly [[American Bison|bison]] hunts. Native Americans rapidly spread horses by trade and other means throughout the [[Great Plains]], the [[Columbia Basin | Columbia]] and [[Colorado River]] basins and present day [[California]]Haines, Francis,''The Northward Spread of Horses among the Plains Indians''http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1938.40.3.02a00060/pdf where they escaped captivity and began to form feral herds, most notably in the southern Great Plains, where the [[J. Frank Dobie]] stated the: Spanish horses found "...American ranges corresponding in climate and soil to the arid lands of Spain, northern Africa and Arabia in which they originated".Dobie page 23 However, in 1934, Dobie stated there was just "a few wild [feral] horses in [[Nevada]], [[Wyoming]] and other Western states"Dobie, ''The Mustangs'' p. 321 remaining. It was unclear if he meant "spanish" mustangs, or the later generation of mustangs discussed in the next paragraph |
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Although large numbers of mustangs were documented in the warmer and relatively moister arid regions of the Western U.S. in the early to mid 1800s, the paucity of them was documented in the colder desert regions during that same time period. There are no known documented early sightings of mustangs in the eastern part of the [[Great Basin]] (the [[Lake Bonneville]] basin in [[Utah]]). [[Jedediah Smith]], in his 1827 trek across the Great Basin saw "some horse sign" along the [[West Walker River]], but did not mention any other such sightingsBrooks, page 172. The first known sighting of a horse in the Great Basin was by John Bidwell near the [[Humboldt Sink]]s in 1841. In 1861, another party saw seven free-roaming horses near the [[Stillwater Range]]Young and Abbot ''Cattle in the Cold Desert'', page 215. All three of these sightings were along the western edge of the Great Basin in [[Nevada]], but for the most part, mustangs herds in Nevada were established from escaped settlers' horses (most notably draft horsesYoung and Abbott ''Cattle in the Cold Desert'' pages 216-7)Amaral, page 13. In the 21st century, most mustangs are found in the inhospitable desert regions of the Great Basin and the [[Red Desert (Wyoming) | Red Desert]] of [[Wyoming]].http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/wo/Planning_and_Renewable_Resources/wild_horses_and_burros/public_land_stats/2015_maps.Par.79082.File.dat/20141203_HMA_National_Map_18x24_Map1%20(2).pdf, where ranchers allowed their horses to run free on the [[Public domain (land) | public]] [[rangelands]] to be rounded up as they needed them for sale or use.Young and Abbott, page 217 |
Although large numbers of mustangs were documented in the warmer and relatively moister arid regions of the Western U.S. in the early to mid 1800s, the paucity of them was documented in the colder desert regions during that same time period. There are no known documented early sightings of mustangs in the eastern part of the [[Great Basin]] (the [[Lake Bonneville]] basin in [[Utah]]). [[Jedediah Smith]], in his 1827 trek across the Great Basin saw "some horse sign" along the [[West Walker River]], but did not mention any other such sightingsBrooks, page 172. The first known sighting of a horse in the Great Basin was by John Bidwell near the [[Humboldt Sink]]s in 1841. In 1861, another party saw seven free-roaming horses near the [[Stillwater Range]]Young and Abbot ''Cattle in the Cold Desert'', page 215. All three of these sightings were along the western edge of the Great Basin in [[Nevada]], but for the most part, mustangs herds in Nevada were established from escaped settlers' horses (most notably draft horsesYoung and Abbott ''Cattle in the Cold Desert'' pages 216-7)Amaral, page 13. In the 21st century, most mustangs are found in the inhospitable desert regions of the Great Basin and the [[Red Desert (Wyoming) | Red Desert]] of [[Wyoming]].http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/wo/Planning_and_Renewable_Resources/wild_horses_and_burros/public_land_stats/2015_maps.Par.79082.File.dat/20141203_HMA_National_Map_18x24_Map1%20(2).pdf, where ranchers allowed their horses to run free on the [[Public domain (land) | public]] [[rangelands]] to be rounded up as they needed them for sale or use.Young and Abbott, page 217 |
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