Umhlanga (ceremony)

Umhlanga (ceremony)

South Africa

← Previous revision Revision as of 16:48, 26 April 2026
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The ceremony was reintroduced by King [[Goodwill Zwelithini]] in 1991 as a means to encourage young Zulu girls to delay sexual activity until marriage, and thus limit the possibility of [[HIV transmission]].{{cite book|last=McNeill|first=Fraser G.|title=AIDS, Politics, and Music in South Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Txv95anBbAC&pg=PA27|access-date=21 August 2013|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49959-0|page=27}} In 2007, about 30,000 girls took part in the event.{{cite book|author=Steven Dubin|title=Spearheading Debate: Culture Wars & Uneasy Truces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXbBS63DMq0C&pg=PA61|access-date=21 August 2013|date=7 January 2013|publisher=Jacana Media|isbn=978-1-4314-0737-8|page=61}} Ceremony organisers have occasionally enforced strict rules on photographers, as some of them have been accused of publishing pictures of the rites on [[pornographic websites]].{{cite web|title=Goodwill says virginity testing here to stay|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2007/09/10/goodwill-says-virginity-testing-here-to-stay|publisher=Sowetan LIVE|access-date=20 August 2013|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812025432/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2007/09/10/goodwill-says-virginity-testing-here-to-stay|url-status=dead}}
The ceremony was reintroduced by King [[Goodwill Zwelithini]] in 1991 as a means to encourage young Zulu girls to delay sexual activity until marriage, and thus limit the possibility of [[HIV transmission]].{{cite book|last=McNeill|first=Fraser G.|title=AIDS, Politics, and Music in South Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Txv95anBbAC&pg=PA27|access-date=21 August 2013|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49959-0|page=27}} In 2007, about 30,000 girls took part in the event.{{cite book|author=Steven Dubin|title=Spearheading Debate: Culture Wars & Uneasy Truces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXbBS63DMq0C&pg=PA61|access-date=21 August 2013|date=7 January 2013|publisher=Jacana Media|isbn=978-1-4314-0737-8|page=61}} Ceremony organisers have occasionally enforced strict rules on photographers, as some of them have been accused of publishing pictures of the rites on [[pornographic websites]].{{cite web|title=Goodwill says virginity testing here to stay|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2007/09/10/goodwill-says-virginity-testing-here-to-stay|publisher=Sowetan LIVE|access-date=20 August 2013|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812025432/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2007/09/10/goodwill-says-virginity-testing-here-to-stay|url-status=dead}}


In past years, the event was attended by former [[President of South Africa]], [[Jacob Zuma]] (himself a Zulu), and former [[Premier of KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Zweli Mkhize]].{{cite web|title=Trees planted at Reed Dance|url=http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=68221|publisher=The Witness|access-date=20 August 2013}}
In past years, the event was attended by former [[President of South Africa]] [[Jacob Zuma]], himself a Zulu, and former [[Premier of KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Zweli Mkhize]].{{cite web|title=Trees planted at Reed Dance|url=http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=68221|publisher=The Witness|access-date=20 August 2013}}


==Eswatini==
==Eswatini==